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. 2017 May 5;7:167. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00167

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Copyright © 2017 Ekmekciu, von Klitzing, Fiebiger, Neumann, Bacher, Scheffold, Bereswill and Heimesaat.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Regulatory T cells and activated dendritic cells in intestinal and systemic compartments of secondary abiotic mice following recolonization with VSL#3 or complex murine microbiota. The frequencies of regulatory T cells (Treg, CD4+CD25+, gated on CD4+ cells) (left panel A,C,E,G) and activated dendritic cells (CD86+, gated on live CD4-CD8-cells, right panel B,D,F,H) in the small intestine (A,B), colon (C,D), MLN (E,F), and spleen (G,H) in naive conventional mice (N), by antibiotic treatment generated secondary abiotic mice (ABx), and mice subjected to VSL#3 recolonization or fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) were determined on day 28 following peroral reassociation. Box plots represent the 75th and 25th percentiles of the medians (black bar inside the boxes). Total range and significance levels (p-values) determined with one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey post-correction test for multiple comparisons are indicated. Data shown were pooled from two independent experiments (n = 10–15/group).