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. 2017 Apr;9(4):1054–1064. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2017.03.37

Table 4. Possible indications for surgical stabilization of sternal fractures, according to Harston [2011, (30)].

Indications for sternal stabilization
Severe or persistent pain
Respiratory failure or dependency on mechanical ventilation
Shifted, overlapping or impacted fractures
Deformity or instability of the sternum
Nonunion
Hunched posture and restricted movement of the trunk