Table 2. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of stomach cancer for individuals with filled prescription of H2RA and PPI, years 1995–2011.
| Drug | Number of filled prescriptions | Time after initial exposure, years | Cardia C16.0 HR (95% CI) | Noncardia C16.1-C16.6 HR (95% CI) | Proximal C16.1-C16.2 HR (95% CI) | Distal C16.3-C16.4 HR (95% CI) | Unspecified C16.5-C16.6, C16.8-C16.9 HR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2RA | Total 1+ | <1 | 21.7 (16.7–28.1) | 23.7 (17.3–32.4) | 19.0 (11.5–31.3) | 25.5 (16.2–40.0) | 19.6 (16.0–24.1) |
| 1–2.9 | 2.66 (1.91–3.72) | 4.95 (3.58–6.85) | 2.94 (1.66–5.20) | 8.22 (5.21–13.0) | 3.52 (2.73–4.55) | ||
| 3+ | 2.53 (2.14–2.99) | 4.63 (3.77–5.68) | 3.99 (2.94–5.41) | 6.20 (4.53–8.49) | 2.69 (2.24–3.24) | ||
| Totala | 2.55 (2.20–2.97) | 4.72 (3.97–5.61) | 3.72 (2.85–4.86) | 6.78 (5.23–8.80) | 2.94 (2.53–3.42) | ||
| Total 5+ | <1 | 19.5 (5.86–64.7) | 39.5 (8.52–183) | 71.0 (8.86–568) | 8.37 (0.52–135) | 27.9 (12.5–62.1) | |
| 1–2.9 | 2.70 (1.21–6.04) | 11.1 (5.81–21.4) | 11.8 (3.74–37.3) | 11.8 (4.74–29.4) | 5.48 (3.43–8.75) | ||
| 3+ | 3.08 (2.23–4.26) | 4.93 (3.32–7.32) | 2.83 (1.42–5.61) | 6.86 (3.89–12.1) | 3.28 (2.36–4.54) | ||
| Totala | 3.02 (2.24–4.08) | 6.14 (4.39–8.60) | 4.06 (2.28–7.22) | 8.01 (4.94–13.0) | 3.85 (2.94–5.03) | ||
| 1–4 | <1 | 21.8 (16.7–28.5) | 23.1 (16.7–31.8) | 16.5 (9.74–28.0) | 26.2 (16.5–41.4) | 19.1 (15.4–23.7) | |
| 1–2.9 | 2.66 (1.84–3.83) | 3.76 (2.55–5.55) | 1.85 (0.90–3.82) | 7.26 (4.26–12.4) | 2.97 (2.19–4.04) | ||
| 3+ | 2.36 (1.93–2.87) | 4.52 (3.56–5.74) | 4.37 (3.11–6.14) | 5.92 (4.06–8.64) | 2.46 (1.97–3.08) | ||
| Totala | 2.42 (2.03–2.88) | 4.30 (3.51–5.26) | 3.63 (2.69–4.91) | 6.34 (4.65–8.63) | 2.62 (2.19–3.15) | ||
| 5–14 | <1 | 19.5 (5.86–64.7) | 39.5 (8.52–183) | 70.9 (8.86–568) | 8.37 (0.52–135) | 35.9 (14.6–88.2) | |
| 1–2.9 | 1.89 (0.71–5.01) | 14.7 (6.73–32.2) | 44.9 (5.24–385) | 12.3 (4.67–32.3) | 5.65 (3.37–9.49) | ||
| 3+ | 2.15 (1.35–3.43) | 5.24 (3.24–8.48) | 2.71 (1.17–6.26) | 8.55 (4.27–17.1) | 3.51 (2.31–5.32) | ||
| Totala | 2.10 (1.38–3.19) | 7.03 (4.68–10.5) | 4.52 (2.20–9.30) | 9.70 (5.50–17.1) | 4.20 (3.04–5.81) | ||
| 15+ | <1 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 4.32 (0.39–47.7) | |
| 1–2.9 | 10.7 (1.76–64.2) | 5.37 (1.51–19.0) | 3.97 (0.73–21.7) | 8.49 (0.53–136) | 4.78 (1.60–14.3) | ||
| 3+ | 4.59 (2.89–7.31) | 4.34 (2.16–8.72) | 3.09 (0.94–10.2) | 4.27 (1.54–11.9) | 2.94 (1.74–4.99) | ||
| Totala | 4.85 (3.10–7.59) | 4.55 (2.47–8.40) | 3.34 (1.26–8.87) | 4.63 (1.77–12.1) | 3.21 (1.99–5.17) | ||
| PPI | Total 1+ | <1 | 31.4 (27.6–35.7) | 32.1 (27.3–37.7) | 27.0 (21.2–34.4) | 42.1 (32.7–54.2) | 27.9 (24.4–31.9) |
| 1–2.9 | 2.72 (2.26–3.27) | 5.42 (4.45–6.60) | 4.91 (3.64–6.64) | 6.89 (5.11–9.27) | 4.37 (3.71–5.16) | ||
| 3+ | 2.42 (2.13–2.75) | 4.28 (3.66–5.00) | 3.84 (3.09–4.77) | 5.82 (4.47–7.58) | 2.73 (2.36–3.17) | ||
| Totala | 2.51 (2.26–2.79) | 4.68 (4.14–5.29) | 4.17 (3.50–4.98) | 6.26 (5.14–7.64) | 3.34 (2.99–3.73) | ||
| Total 5+ | <1 | 16.6 (10.6–25.8) | 38.6 (22.7–65.6) | 44.6 (18.4–108) | 73.8 (29.1–187) | 23.3 (15.9–34.1) | |
| 1–2.9 | 4.71 (3.55–6.25) | 9.44 (6.95–12.8) | 7.58 (4.75–12.1) | 14.6 (9.13–23.3) | 8.65 (6.71–11.7) | ||
| 3+ | 3.04 (2.55–3.63) | 6.47 (5.20–8.05) | 5.92 (4.37–8.00) | 8.15 (5.62–11.8) | 4.48 (3.66–5.47) | ||
| Totala | 3.42 (2.94–3.97) | 7.35 (6.15–8.78) | 6.36 (4.93–8.20) | 10.3 (7.68–13.7) | 5.73 (4.90–6.71) | ||
| 1–4 | <1 | 33.1 (28.9–37.9) | 31.4 (26.5–37.3) | 25.7 (20.0–33.1) | 39.8 (30.6–51.8) | 28.6 (24.7–33.0) | |
| 1–2.9 | 1.92 (1.49–2.46) | 3.66 (2.80–4.78) | 3.65 (2.44–5.47) | 3.80 (2.48–5.80) | 2.66 (2.11–3.36) | ||
| 3+ | 1.91 (1.58–2.31) | 2.74 (2.16–3.47) | 2.41 (1.73–3.36) | 4.05 (2.75–5.98) | 1.57 (1.24–1.99) | ||
| Totala | 1.91 (1.64–2.22) | 3.09 (2.59–3.70) | 2.82 (2.19–3.65) | 3.93 (2.95–5.24) | 2.01 (1.70–2.37) | ||
| 5–14 | <1 | 16.3 (10.4–25.4) | 40.5 (23.5–69.8) | 43.0 (17.8–104) | 73.8 (29.1–187) | 24.7 (16.7–36.4) | |
| 1–2.9 | 4.84 (3.55–6.59) | 11.9 (8.34–16.9) | 9.59 (5.68–16.2) | 18.3 (10.6–31.7) | 9.38 (7.05–12.5) | ||
| 3+ | 2.60 (2.00–3.38) | 8.30 (6.12–11.3) | 8.88 (5.78–13.6) | 10.0 (6.00–16.7) | 5.23 (3.94–6.94) | ||
| Totala | 3.32 (2.72–4.05) | 9.69 (7.69–12.2) | 9.16 (6.57–12.8) | 13.4 (9.25–19.5) | 6.97 (5.70–8.52) | ||
| 15+ | <1 | NA | 8.49 (0.53–136) | NA | NA | NA | |
| 1–2.9 | 4.12 (2.05–8.26) | 4.41 (2.28–8.53) | 2.88 (0.91–9.10) | 6.95 (2.66–18.2) | 6.36 (3.63–11.1) | ||
| 3+ | 3.50 (2.75–4.44) | 4.94 (3.60–6.79) | 3.89 (2.50–6.04) | 6.41 (3.72–11.1) | 3.85 (2.90–5.11) | ||
| Totala | 3.56 (2.83–4.46) | 4.84 (3.64–6.43) | 3.73 (2.48–5.63) | 6.54 (4.07–10.5) | 4.25 (3.30–5.47) |
Abbreviations: CI=confidence interval; H2RA=histamine type-2 receptor antagonist; HR=hazard ratio; NA=not applicable; PPI=proton-pump inhibitors.
a
Does not include first year of exposure. NA- not applicable due to low numbers.