Figure 4. CO₂ hydrogenation performance over the multifunctional catalysts with different proximity.

(a) CO₂ conversion and product selectivity over different combinations of Na–Fe₃O₄ and HZSM-5 catalysts conducted at the same reaction conditions as Fig. 1a; HCs: hydrocarbons. (b) The composition of gasoline-range hydrocarbons on different Na–Fe₃O₄/HZSM-5(160) composite catalysts. (c) The stability of the Na–Fe₃O₄/HZSM-5 catalyst with dual-bed configuration under the same reaction conditions as Fig. 1a. The hydrocarbon selectivities are normalized with the exception of CO.