Figure 5. Screening of HAc-resistant yeast strains.

(a) Improved HAc tolerance in a strain library after the first round of integration (R1, solid line) compared with the wild-type control strain (dashed line) under various levels of HAc stress. (b) Ethanol fermentation with 1.1% (v/v) HAc by the parent and a mutant yeast strain isolated using iBioFAB. In a, error bars represent the mean±s.d. from technical replicates (n=16), where the cell libraries after plasmid curation were combined before being inoculated into 16 microtitre wells of selection media for each HAc concentration. In b, error bars represent the mean±s.d. from biological rplicates (n=3).