Table 3.

The disease course of various more common autoimmune blistering diseases and associated adverse outcomes during pregnancy.

AIBD type	Disease course in pregnancy	Adverse outcomes	Neonatal blistering disease
Pemphigus vulgaris	May improve in the third trimester of pregnancy but flares postpartum	Adverse outcome in up to 10% of cases in one case series, associated with poor disease control. Risk for preterm birth in severe disease.	Transient and easily treatable
Pemphigus foliaceus	Variable course	Minimal	Extremely rare
Bullous pemphigoid	Rarely seen in pregnancy	Not reported	Not reported
Linear IgA disease	May improve in the second trimester but flares postpartum	Minimal	Not reported
Pemphigoid gestationis	Typically occurs in second to third trimester	Increased risks for preterm birth, small for gestational age, and low birth weight	Extremely rare

Abbreviation: AIBD, autoimmune blistering disease

Sources: Goldberg et al., 1993, Kardos et al., 2009, McPherson and Venning, 2011