Table 4.

Proportion of renal dysfunction/failure, and adjusted mean differences in renal function measures by TDF exposure among 964 adults on ART for more than 6 months

Renal function assessment parameter	Renal dysfunction/failure, n (%)	Adjusted mean differences (95% CI), non-TDF as reference	p value
eGFR (Cockcroft-Gault, adj for BSA)
Non-TDF	99/378 (26.2%)	Ref	0.797
TDF	142/501 (28.3%)	−2.15 (−8.53 to 4.22)
TDF-stopped	14/50 (28.0%)	−0.62 (−12.74 to 11.50)
eGFR (Cockcroft-Gault, without BSA adj)
Non-TDF	141/379 (37.2%)	Ref	0.914
TDF	196/502 (39.0%)	−2.42 (−14.45 to 9.62)
TDF-stopped	19/50 (38.0%)	−3.01 (−25.90 to 19.89)
eGFR (CKD-Epi)
Non-TDF	60/383 (15.7%)	Ref	0.837
TDF	109/514 (21.2%)	−0.88 (−3.84 to 2.08)
TDF-stopped	9/50 (18.0%)	−0.78 (−6.42 to 4.87)
eGFR (MDRD with race)
Non-TDF	28/383 (7.3%)	Ref	0.872
TDF	57/514 (11.1%)	−0.61 (−8.09 to 6.87)
TDF-stopped	4/50 (8.0%)	3.11 (−11.14 to 17.36)
Fractional tubular PO4 reabsorption
Non-TDF	16/339 (4.7%)	Ref	0.131
TDF	16/386 (4.1%)	−0.74 (−1.84 to 0.36)
TDF-stopped	1/42 (2.4%)	1.12 (−0.92 to 3.15)
Serum urea
Non-TDF	0/382 (0.0%)	Ref	0.252
TDF	2/514 (0.4%)	0.03 (−0.19 to 0.25)
TDF-stopped	0/50 (0.0%)	0.35 (−0.07 to 0.77)
Serum creatinine (μmol/l)
Non-TDF	4/383 (1.0%)	Ref	0.336
TDF	10/514 (1.9%)	2.03 (−1.40 to 5.46)
TDF-stopped	3/50 (6.0%)	3.98 (−2.55 to 10.51)
Serum phosphates (mmol/l)
Non-TDF	64/383 (16.7%)	Ref	0.575
TDF	50/503 (9.9%)	0.01 (−0.04 to 0.06)
TDF-stopped	8/48 (16.7%)	−0.04 (−0.13 to 0.05)

Mean difference adjusted for site, duration on ART, smoking status, social-economic status, log viral load, CD4 cell count, hypertension and Glucose; Renal dysfunction/failure defined as <90 for estimated Glomerular Filtration Rates, >11.9 mmol/l for serum Urea, >109 μmol/l for serum creatinine and <0.81 mmol/l for serum phosphates (Hypophosphataemia)

eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, BSA body surface area adjustment, CKD-Epi Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology formula, MDRD Modified Diet in Renal Disease formulae with race adjustment