Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of nasal and oral histoplasmosis in 18 patients

N°/Ref	Sex	Age (years)	Risk Factor	CD4 (/mm3)	Clinical Presentation	Diagnosis	Location	Treatment	Follow up (M: months)	Country
1 [31]	M	32	HIV infection	60	Pain	Histology	Nasal septum perforation	Amphotericin B then itraconazole	6 M, Improvement	Colombia
2 [31]	F	37	HIV infection	133	Nasal itch, epistaxis, nasal discharge	Histology	Nasal septum perforation	Itraconazole	2 M, Improvement	Colombia
3 [32]	M	59	HCV infection		Nose wound with crust	Not available	Nasal ulceration covered by crusts	Itraconazole	1 M, Improvement	Brazil
4 [33]	M	27	HIV infection	20	Fatigue, fever, skin lesions, dyspnea	Histology	Disseminated (nasal ulceration and cutaneous)	Amphotericin B then itraconazole	Improvement	Argentina
5 [34]	M	37	HIV infection	Not available	Fever, dysphagia, inflammatory and hemorrhagic nasal process	Histology	Destruction of nasal septum	No treatment	Death	Brazil
6 [35]	M	30	None		Nasal swelling	Histology	Nasal crusts	Itraconazole	Lost follow-up	India
7 [23]	F	79	Farmer		Fatigue, nasal obstruction	Histology	Nasal ulceration and crusts	Itraconazole	Lost follow-up	USA (Ohio)
8 [36]	M	37	Renal transplant, HBV/HCV coinfection		Nose septal destruction	Not available	Ulceration in mouth and nose	Amphotericin B then itraconazole	1 M, Improvement	Brazil
9 [37]	F	32	HIV infection	69	Fatigue, fever, nasal pain, nasal pyramid collapse	Histology	Destruction of the cartilaginous septum, columella and left nasal wing, and ulcerations	Amphotericin B	12 M, Improvement	Brazil
10 [38]	M	39	HIV infection	20	Nasal congestion, post nasal rhinorrhea, cough	Histology	Sinusitis, Skin rash, pulmonary involvement	Itraconazole	Improvement	USA (La)
11 [39]	F	49	HIV infection	Not available	Nasal obstruction	Histology and culture	Lesion on the nasal vestibule and septum	Not available	Death	Brazil
12 [39]	F	23	HIV infection	Not available	Not available	Histology	Crusts	Amphotericin B then itraconazole	Improvement	Brazil
13 [40]	M	43	HIV infection, farmer	15	Nasal regurgitation	Histology	Complete destruction of the nasal architecture, palatal perforation	Itraconazole	Improvement	Brazil
14 [41]	M	39	HIV infection	120	Nasal obstruction, post nasal rhinorrhea, headache, epistaxis	Histology	Papular and nodular rash, polypoid and inflammatory nasal mucosa in the right nasal fossa, bulging posterior wall of the nasopharynx	Amphotericin B	Improvement	Morocco
15 [42]	M	30	Adrenal insufficiency		Visual acuity impairment, nasal, septum and soft palate lesions	Histology	Endophtalmitis, nasal, septum and soft palate lesions	Amphotericin B (intraocular injection), itraconazole	12 W, Improvement	Argentina
16 [43]	NA	NA	HIV infection	Not available	Not available	Not available	Mouth, gingivae, hard palate, right maxillary sinus, right nasal cavity	Not available	Not available	South Africa
17 [44]	M	76	Chronic lymphocytic leukemia		Epistaxis and facial pain, facial erythema, swelling, and fever	Histology and culture	Ethmoïdal, sphenoidal and maxillary sinusitis	Amphotericin B then itraconazole	Improvement	Brazil
18 [45]	M	36	HIV infection, drug abuse	Not available	Fever, orodynia	Histology	Ulceration on the nasal bridge, necrotizing gingivitis and granulomatous oral lesion	Ketoconazole	4 M, Death	Brazil