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. 2015 Dec 14;38(8):1109–1131. doi: 10.1177/0192513X15622415

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© The Author(s) 2015

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 1. — Path model (standardized estimates) of longitudinal relationship between parents’ reading and children’s behavior (N = 9,238).^a

Note. RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation; CFI = comparative fit index. Indices of model fit: RMSEA: 0.041; CFI: 0.856. R² values for Child Behavior: Age 3: .286; Age 5: .496; Age 7: .551.

^aAdjusted for 9 months: child temperament, gender, mothers’ and fathers’ age, mothers’ and fathers’ occupational class, mothers’ and fathers’ education, household income, mothers’ and fathers’ working hours, mothers’ and fathers’ malaise. Each concurrent time point: mothers’ reading, mothers’ and fathers’ work hours, mothers’ and fathers’ depressive symptoms, number of siblings.