Table 1.

Summary of Selected Studies Demonstrating Female Survival Advantage.

Reference	Year	End Point	Country	No. of Patients	Adjusted Risk Estimates1	95% CI
Balch et al. [29]	2001	DSS	United States	13,581	0.84	0.76 to 0.92
de Vries et al. [26]	2008	RS	The Netherlands	10,538	0.532, 3	0.48 to 0.61
Xing et al. [30]	2010	DSS	United States (SEER)	37,519	0.673	0.60 to 0.75
Joosse et al. [28]	2011	DSS	Germany	11,774	0.62	0.56 to 0.70
Collins et al. [31]	2011	DSS4	United States (SEER)	142,653	0.653	0.62 to 0.68
Thompson et al. [32]	2011	DSS	International AJCC Consortium	10,233	0.69	0.61 to 0.79

Abbreviations: AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer; DSS, disease-specific survival; RS, relative survival (estimate of DSS).

¹Relative risk of women compared with men; presented as hazard ratio unless otherwise specified.

²Presented as relative excess risk.

³Value reported here is the inverse of the original risk estimate, because men were compared with women in the cited publication.

⁴For patients who underwent surgery.