Table 3.
Relationship between ethnicity and hirsutism in women with PCOS
| Ethnicity |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caucasian Ethnic Subgroups |
Asian Ethnic Subgroups |
Additional Ethnic Groups |
||||||||
| Middle Eastern (N = 9) | Ashkenazi Jewish (N = 16) | Caucasian (other) (N = 110) | East/Southeast Asian (N = 37) | South Asian (N = 5) | Hispanic (N = 29) | African American (N = 15) | Native American (N = 2) | Mixed/Other (N = 20) | p-value | |
| Age (Mean ± SD) | 28.4 ± 7.55 (n = 10) | 28 ± 5.4 (n = 17) | 28.2 ± 6.05 (n = 123) | 27.1 ± 5.44 (n = 37) | 23 ± 6.27 (n = 4) | 28.9 ± 6.43 (n = 30) | 30.9 ± 6.76 (n = 16) | 23 ± 6.27 (n = 4) | 28.3 ± 5.28 (n = 26) | .111 |
| BMI (Mean ± SD (N)) | 35.8 ± 10.4 (n = 10) | 29.1 ± 8.1 (n = 17) | 29 ± 7.69 (n = 123) | 29.7 ± 8.44 (n = 35) | 23 ± 3.84 (n = 7) | 34.2 ± 8.88 (n = 30) | 31.4 ± 6.6 (n = 16) | 38.8 ± 4.83 (n = 4) | 32 ± 7.85 (n = 26) | < .0011 |
| mFG score (mean +/-SD) | ||||||||||
| Upper lip | 0.778 ± 1.09 | 0.875 ± 0.719 | 0.945 ± 0.947 | 1.36 ± 1.11 | 1 ± 0.707 | 1.31 ± 1.11 | 1.07 ± 0.704 | 0.5 ± 0.707 | 1.53 ± 1.17 | .191 |
| Chin | 1.44 ± 1.42 | 0.938 ± 1.12 | 1.2 ± 1.3 | 1.12 ± 1.17 | 1.2 ± 0.837 | 1.97 ± 1.43 | 2.13 ± 1.06 | 0.5 ± 0.707 | 1.68 ± 1.29 | .0151 |
| Chest | 1.22 ± 1.2 | 0.375 ± 0.619 | 0.367 ± 0.835 | 0.333 ± 0.645 | 0.6 ± 0.548 | 0.571 ± 0.836 | 0.333 ± 0.617 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.421 ± 0.607 | .0811 |
| Upper abdomen | 1.22 ± 0.972 | 0.563 ± 0.814 | 0.491 ± 0.854 | 0.576 ± 0.751 | 1 ± 0.0 | 1.17 ± 1.1 | 0.667 ± 0.724 | 0.5 ± 0.707 | 0.684 ± 0.885 | .0041 |
| Lower abdomen | 1.56 ± 1.01 | 1.5 ± 0.966 | 1.55 ± 1.2 | 1.36 ± 1.06 | 1.8 ± 0.447 | 2.31 ± 1.23 | 1.47 ± 0.915 | 1 ± 0.0 | 2.16 ± 1.21 | .0501 |
| Upper arm | 0.667 ± 1 | 0.0667 ± 0.258 | 0.3 ± 0.736 | 0.485 ± 0.972 | 0.8 ± 0.837 | 1.03 ± 1.21 | 0.467 ± 0.743 | 0.5 ± 0.707 | 0.158 ± 0.375 | < .0011 |
| Thigh | 2.44 ± 0.882 | 1.88 ± 0.885 | 1.6 ± 1.09 | 1.18 ± 1.07 | 1.4 ± 1.14 | 2.07 ± 1.05 | 1.73 ± 0.704 | 1 ± 1.41 | 1.68 ± 1.25 | .0141 |
| Upper back | 1.33 ± 1.12 | 0.5 ± 0.73 | 0.291 ± 0.611 | 0.515 ± 0.87 | 0.8 ± 0.447 | 0.966 ± 0.944 | 0.8 ± 0.775 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.421 ± 0.838 | < .0011 |
| Lower back | 1.67 ± 1.22 | 0.688 ± 0.793 | 0.673 ± 0.94 | 0.97 ± 1.13 | 1 ± 0.707 | 1.69 ± 1.14 | 0.733 ± 0.799 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.842 ± 1.17 | < .0011 |
| Total (Mean ± SD (N)) | 12.3 ± 8.57 | 7.38 ± 5.28 | 7.42 ± 5.7 | 7.91 ± 6.39 | 9.6 ± 1.52 | 12.6 ± 7.52 | 9.4 ± 4.4 | 4 ± 4.24 | 9.1 ± 6.62 | .0091 |
| Regional mFG scores (mean +/-SD) | ||||||||||
| Facial⁎ | 2.22 ± 2.39 | 1.81 ± 1.64 | 2.15 ± 2 | 2.48 ± 2.15 | 2.2 ± 1.3 | 3.28 ± 2.07 | 3.2 ± 1.42 | 1 ± 1.41 | 3.05 ± 2.06 | .0311 |
| Trunk⁎⁎ | 7 ± 4.97 | 3.63 ± 2.96 | 3.37 ± 3.31 | 3.76 ± 3.51 | 5.2 ± 0.447 | 6.69 ± 4.12 | 4 ± 2.67 | 1.5 ± 0.707 | 4.3 ± 3.7 | < .0011 |
| Extremity⁎⁎⁎ | 3.11 ± 1.76 | 1.94 ± 0.998 | 1.9 ± 1.4 | 1.67 ± 1.76 | 2.2 ± 1.64 | 3.03 ± 1.92 | 2.2 ± 1.15 | 1.5 ± 2.12 | 1.75 ± 1.41 | .0171 |
| Clinical hirsutism | ||||||||||
| No (mFG total < 8) | 3 (33.3%) | 10 (62.5%) | 66 (60.0%) | 19 (57.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (26.7%) | 4 (26.7%) | 2 (100.0%) | 9 (45.0%) | .0021 |
| Yes (mFG total =/>8) | 6 (66.7%) | 6 (37.5%) | 44 (40.0%) | 14 (42.4%) | 5 (100.0%) | 22 (73.3%) | 11 (73.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 11 (55.0%) | |
BMI, body mass index; mFG, modified Ferriman-Gallwey; PCOS, polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Notes: The South Asian subgroup includes individuals who reported ancestry of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The East Asian subgroup includes individuals who reported ancestry of China, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan. The Southeast Asian subgroup includes individuals who reported ancestry of Indonesia, Singapore, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. The Middle Eastern subgroup includes individuals who reported ancestry of Turkey, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Egypt, Sudan, Libya, and other.
On the basis of the Kruskal-Wallis test.
On the basis of the χ2 test.
Facial mFG score: Summation of upper lip and chin mFG scores.
Truncal mFG score: Summation of chest, upper and lower back, and upper and lower abdomen mFG scores.
Extremity mFG score: Summation of thigh and upper arm mFG scores.