Table 1.
Characteristics of the Participants in the Study.
| Variables | All | Healthy group | Hypertensive group | Coronary artery disease group | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 45 | 27 | 11 | 7 | — |
| Sex (male) | 18 (40.0) | 6 (22.2) | 7 (63.6) | 5 (71.4) | .011 |
| Age (years) | 73.6 ± 5.7 | 71.7 ± 4.8 | 74.5 ± 6.2 | 79.3 ± 4.3 | .004 |
| Height (cm) | 157.4 ± 8.8 | 155.7 ± 8.5 | 159.9 ± 8.4 | 160.3 ± 10.1 | .262 |
| Weight (kg) | 56.6 ± 10.6 | 53.5 ± 10.9 | 62.4 ± 7.8 | 59.5 ± 9.8 | .045 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.7 ± 2.9 | 21.9 ± 2.7 | 24.5 ± 3.3 | 23.0 ± 2.3 | .046 |
| HT | 15 (33.3) | 0 | 11 (100) | 4 (57.1) | — |
| CAD (NYHA Class I at most) | 7 (15.6) | 0 | 0 | 7 (100) | — |
| HL | 12 (26.7) | 8 (29.6) | 3 (27.3) | 1 (14.3) | .715 |
| Medication | |||||
| ARB | 11 (24.4) | 0 | 8 (72.7) | 3 (42.9) | — |
| ACE inhibitor | 1 (2.2) | 0 | 1 (9.1) | 0 | — |
| Ca blocker | 8 (17.8) | 0 | 5 (45.5) | 3 (42.9) | — |
| Statin | 11 (24.4) | 6 (22.2) | 2 (18.2) | 3 (42.9) | .451 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 121.9 ± 12.1 | 121.5 ± 13.2 | 122.6 ± 10.3 | 122.3 ± 11.8 | .965 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 69.5 ± 8.4 | 70.7 ± 7.6 | 68.5 ± 9.1 | 66.7 ± 10.4 | .490 |
| RR (cycles/minute) | 13.8 ± 1.3 | 13.7 ± 1.3 | 14.2 ± 1.3 | 14.0 ± 1.0 | .326 |
| HR (bpm) | 66.1 ± 9.6 | 65.0 ± 8.9 | 68.3 ± 11.8 | 67.0 ± 9.2 | .616 |
| LF (msec2/Hz) | 11.9 (7.6–22.3) | 12.4 (8.9–22.4) | 11.8 (6.5–18.2) | 9.0 (6.7–23.8) | .875 |
| HF (msec2/Hz) | 15.7 (8.4–34.7) | 22.6 (10.0–35.6) | 11.3 (5.1–17.4) | 21.5 (12.3–36.7) | .262 |
| LF/HF | 0.90 (0.45–2.03) | 0.64 (0.39–1.40) | 1.11 (0.80–2.04) | 1.46 (0.74–2.66) | .163 |
Note. Categorical variables are presented in absolute numbers and percentages. Continuous variables are expressed as mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range. BMI = body mass index; HT = hypertension; CAD = coronary artery disease; NYHA = New York Heart Association; HL = hyperlipidemia; ARB = angiotensin II receptor blocker; ACE = angiotensin converting enzyme; Ca blocker = calcium channel blocker; BP = blood pressure; RR = respiratory rate; HR = heart rate; LF = low frequency component; HF = high frequency component; LF/HF = the ratio of LF to HF.