Table 1.
Characteristics of Participants Stratified by Age and Sex.
| Men |
Women |
|||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group |
X |
Y |
Z |
p | X |
Y |
Z |
p | ||||||
| Age (years) | 50-64 |
65-74 |
75+ |
50-64 |
65-74 |
75+ |
||||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
| n | 16 | 22.5 | 34 | 47.9 | 21 | 29.6 | 111 | 51.2 | 81 | 37.3 | 25 | 11.5 | ||
| Health assessment | ||||||||||||||
| Healthy | 11 | 68.8 | 24 | 70.6 | 11 | 52.4 | ns | 75 | 67.6 | 60 | 74.1 | 11 | 44.0 | ns |
| Not healthy | 1 | 6.3 | 7 | 20.6 | 5 | 23.8 | 17 | 15.3 | 7 | 8.6 | 4 | 16.0 | ||
| No response | 4 | 25.0 | 3 | 8.8 | 5 | 23.8 | 19 | 17.1 | 14 | 17.3 | 10 | 40.0 | ||
| Exercise habits | ||||||||||||||
| 0 days | 2 | 12.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ns | 4 | 3.6 | 2 | 2.5 | 1 | 4.0 | ns |
| 1-2 days | 12 | 75.0 | 31 | 91.2 | 17 | 81.0 | 93 | 83.8 | 72 | 88.9 | 19 | 76.0 | ||
| 3+ days | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 2.9 | 1 | 4.8 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 1.2 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| No response | 2 | 12.5 | 2 | 5.9 | 3 | 14.3 | 14 | 12.6 | 6 | 7.4 | 5 | 20.0 | ||
| Bowel movements | ||||||||||||||
| Less than 4/week | 0 | 0.0 | 4 | 11.8 | 4 | 19.0 | ns | 13 | 11.7 | 9 | 11.1 | 5 | 20.0 | ns |
| 4+/week | 13 | 81.3 | 29 | 85.3 | 15 | 71.4 | 89 | 80.2 | 66 | 81.5 | 17 | 68.0 | ||
| No response | 3 | 18.8 | 1 | 2.9 | 2 | 9.5 | 9 | 8.1 | 6 | 7.4 | 3 | 12.0 | ||
| Medical history | ||||||||||||||
| Malignant tumors | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 2.8 | 2 | 2.8 | — | 2 | 0.9 | 3 | 1.4 | 1 | 0.5 | — |
| Stroke | 0 | 0.0 | 4 | 5.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| Heart attack | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 1.4 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| Angina | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 4 | 5.6 | 2 | 0.9 | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| Arrhythmia | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 2.8 | 1 | 1.4 | 2 | 0.9 | 3 | 1.4 | 2 | 0.9 | ||
| High blood pressure | 4 | 5.6 | 12 | 16.9 | 5 | 7.0 | 17 | 7.8 | 19 | 8.8 | 8 | 3.7 | ||
| Dyslipidemia | 1 | 1.4 | 5 | 7.0 | 6 | 8.5 | 20 | 9.2 | 16 | 7.4 | 8 | 3.7 | ||
| Diabetes | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 4.2 | 3 | 4.2 | 4 | 1.8 | 3 | 1.4 | 1 | 0.5 | ||
| COPD | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| Tuberculosis | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| Kidney disease | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 1.4 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| Bone fractures | 3 | 4.2 | 4 | 5.6 | 1 | 1.4 | 9 | 4.1 | 7 | 3.2 | 6 | 2.8 | ||
| Dementia | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
Note. COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. p values were derived using McNemar’s test.