Table 1. Relationships between testosterone levels and nocturia.
| Study (year) | Country | Number | Population | Age (yr)a | Result | Reference No. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liao (2011) | Taiwan | 509 | Health screening | 58 (40~79) | Nocturia showed a negative correlation with serum testosterone levels. | 21 |
| Kim (2014) | Korea | 2,180 | Clinic visitors | 58.3 (40~86) | Nocturia and nocturnal urine output were associated with lower testosterone levels. | 22 |
| Kim (2012) | Korea | 924 | BPH | 69.7 | Testosterone was significantly lower in patients with 4 or more episodes of nocturia. | 23 |
| Liu (2016) | Taiwan | 632 | Type 2 DM | No nocturia: 58 Nocturia: 65 |
Patients with lower testosterone levels had a higher prevalence of nocturia (65%) and severe nocturia (33%). |
24 |
| Wu (2017) | China | 158 | Post-TURP | 72.1±8.7 | Nocturia was frequently prevalent in patients with lower testosterone levels. | 25 |
| Kim (2014) | Korea | 62 | LOH patients with nocturia |
68.4 | Nocturia treatment by desmopressin increased testosterone levels. | 26 |
| Jeh (2017) | Korea | 433 | Health screening No BPH patients | 47.1±7.4 | Testosterone played an opposing role in the etiology of nocturia. | 27 |
BPH: benign prostatic hyperplasia, DM: diabetes mellitus, TURP: transurethral resection of prostate, LOH: late-onset hypogonadism.
aValues are presented as median (range), mean only, or mean±standard deviation.