Table 1.
Comparison of Demographic and Clinical Features in Patients With DF, DHF, and DSSa
| Parameter | DF (n = 198) | DHFb (n = 125) | DSS (n = 46) | P Value | Overall (n = 369) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and Epidemiological Parameters | |||||
| Age (years) | 31.8 ± 14.2 | 29.1 ± 12.2 | 32 ± 16.8 | .2 | 30.9 ± 13.9 |
| Male gender | 140 (70.7%) | 83 (66.4%) | 26 (56.5%) | .17 | 249 (67.5%) |
| Duration of illness at presentation (days) | 4.6 ± 2.2 | 5.1 ± 2.4 | 6.0 ± 3.0 | .001 | 4.9 ± 2.4 |
| Comorbiditiesc | 22 (11.1%) | 11 (8.8%) | 14 (30.4%) | .001 | 47 (12.7%) |
| Coinfectionsd | 4 (2%) | 2 (1.6%) | 3 (6.5%) | .18 | 9 (2.4%) |
| Clinical Parameters | |||||
| Fever | 195 (98.5%) | 125 (100%) | 46 (100%) | .52 | 366 (99.1%) |
| Headache | 164 (82.8%) | 107 (85.6%) | 29 (63.0%) | .003 | 300 (81.3%) |
| Retro-orbital pain | 49 (24.8%) | 44 (35.2%) | 6 (13%) | .009 | 99 (26.8%) |
| Conjunctival congestion | 5 (2.5%) | 6 (4.8%) | 7 (15.2%) | .002 | 18 (4.9%) |
| Sore throat | 12 (6.1%) | 4 (3.2%) | 2 (4.4%) | .51 | 18 (4.9%) |
| Rash | 37 (18.7%) | 23 (18.4%) | 5 (10.9%) | .44 | 65 (17.6%) |
| Abdominal pain | 64 (32.3%) | 54 (43.2%) | 21 (45.6%) | .07 | 139 (37.7%) |
| Vomiting | 93 (47%) | 68 (54.4%) | 30 (65.2%) | .06 | 191 (51.8%) |
| Diarrhoea | 25 (12.6%) | 9 (7.2%) | 4 (8.7%) | .29 | 38 (10.3%) |
| Abdominal distension | 5 (2.5%) | 4 (3.2%) | 7 (15.2%) | .004 | 16 (4.3%) |
| Dyspnea at rest | 4 (2%) | 4 (3.2%) | 21 (45.6%) | <.001 | 29 (7.9%) |
| Chest pain | 3 (1.5%) | 2 (1.6%) | 0 | 1 | 5 (1.4%) |
| Altered sensorium | 0 | 0 | 13 (28.3%) | <.001 | 13 (3.5%) |
| Crepitations on chest auscultation | 5 (2.5%) | 5 (4%) | 11 (23.9%) | <.001 | 21 (5.7%) |
| Abdominal tenderness | 18 (9.1%) | 9 (7.2%) | 14 (30.4%) | <.001 | 41 (11.1%) |
| Hepatomegaly | 18 (9.1%) | 12 (9.6%) | 5 (10.9%) | .93 | 35 (9.5%) |
| Splenomegaly | 7 (3.5%) | 6 (4.8%) | 2 (4.4%) | .75 | 15 (4.1%) |
| Assisted ventilation | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.8%) | 25 (54.4%) | <.001 | 27 (7.3%) |
| Hemodialysis | 0 | 0 | 6 (13%) | <.001 | 6 (1.6%) |
| Encephalitis | 0 | 0 | 7 (15.2%) | <.001 | 7 (1.9%) |
| Myocarditis | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.8%) | 3 (6.5%) | .02 | 5 (1.4%) |
| Platelet transfusion (%) | 80 (40.6%) | 81 (65.3%) | 30 (65.2%) | <.001 | 191 (52%) |
Abbreviations: DF, dengue fever; DHF, dengue hemorrhagic fever; DSS, dengue shock syndrome; SD standard deviation.
aCategorical variables are summarized as n (%). Continuous variables are represented as mean ± SD or median (range) if SD >50% of mean.
bGrade 1 and 2 DHF.
cComorbidities included diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and chronic obstructive airway disease/asthma.
dCoinfections included malaria, hepatitis B, filariasis, pulmonary tuberculosis, and lower respiratory tract infection.