Table 2.
Comparison of Laboratory Parameters and Radiological Findings in Patients With DF, DHF, and DSSa
| Parameter | DF (n = 198) | DHFb (n = 125) | DSS (n = 46) | P Value | Overall (n = 369) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laboratory Parameters | |||||
| Hemoglobinc (g/dL) | 13.3 ± 2.3 | 13.5 ± 2.3 | 11.9 ± 3.7 | .0007 | 13.2 ± 2.5 |
| Hematocritc (%) | 40.8 ± 6.7 | 40.9 ± 6.7 | 36.0 ± 12.1 | .0004 | 40.2 ± 7.7 |
| Platelet count | |||||
| Meanc (×103/mm3) | 39 (2–213) | 32 (5–295) | 31.5 (5–274) | .05 | 36 (2–295) |
| Thrombocytopeniac,d (%) | 162 (81.8%) | 110 (88%) | 40 (90.9%) | .16 | 312 (85%) |
| Lowest platelet count (×103/mm3) | 28 (2–170) | 22 (5–147) | 21.5 (5–72) | .007 | 25 (2–170) |
| TLC | |||||
| Meanc (/mm3) | 4400 (700–22400) | 4600 (1300–27600) | 8050 (2500–39900) | .0001 | 4700 (700–39900) |
| Leucopeniac,e (%) | 74 (38%) | 44 (36.1%) | 6 (14.3%) | .01 | 124 (34.5%) |
| Leucocytosisc,f (%) | 9 (4.6%) | 9 (7.4%) | 16 (38.1%) | <.001 | 34 (9.5%) |
| Ureac (mg/dL) | 16 (2–113) | 16 (5–93) | 25.5 (8–337) | .0001 | 16 (2–337) |
| Creatininec (mg/dL) | 0.7 (0.2–2.8) | 0.7 (0.2–1.4) | 0.8 (0.2–21.9) | .02 | 0.7 (0.2–21.9) |
| Bilirubinc (mg/dL) | 0.5 (0.1–8.2) | 0.6 (0.1–4.9) | 0.7 (0.2–41) | .001 | 0.6 (0.1–41) |
| AST | |||||
| Meanc (U/L) | 72 (18–613) | 80.5 (9–1319) | 210.5 (7–11110) | .03 | 81 (7–11110) |
| Elevated ASTg (%) | 41 (63.1%) | 29 (72.5%) | 16 (72.7%) | .52 | 86 (67.7%) |
| Peak AST (U/L) | 111.5 (20–1294) | 138.5 (27–2345) | 226 (7–18700) | .0001 | 129 (7–18700) |
| ALT | |||||
| Meanc (U/L) | 46 (13–405) | 57.5 (10–538) | 136.5 (3–2600) | .006 | 53 (3–2600) |
| Elevated ALTh (%) | 31 (44.9%) | 21 (52.5%) | 17 (70.8%) | .09 | 69 (51.9%) |
| Peak ALT (U/L) | 71 (10–665) | 88 (16–823) | 170 (17–2600) | .0004 | 83 (10–2600) |
| PTc (seconds) | 12.6 ± 1.5 | 12.4 ± 1.5 | 13.4 ± 3.1 | .13 | 12.6 ± 1.6 |
| ARDSi | 0 | 0 | 14 (30.4%) | <.001 | 14 (3.8%) |
| DIC | 0 | 0 | 7 (15.2%) | <.001 | 7 (1.9%) |
| Metabolic acidosis | 0 | 2 (1.6%) | 15 (32.6%) | <.001 | 17 (4.6%) |
| Radiological Findings | |||||
| Serositisj on ultrasound abdomen | 113 (57.4%) | 89 (71.2%) | 32 (78%) | .006 | 234 (64.4%) |
| Pleural effusion on chest x-ray | 91 (46.2%) | 68 (54.4%) | 21 (50%) | .36 | 180 (49.4%) |
| Bilateral | 64 (70.3%) | 48 (70.6%) | 14 (66.7%) | 126 (70%) | |
| Right sided | 24 (26.4%) | 16 (23.5%) | 7 (33.3%) | 47 (26.1%) | |
| Left sided | 3 (3.3%) | 4 (5.9%) | 0 | 7 (3.9%) | |
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine transaminase; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; AST, aspartate transaminase; DF, dengue fever; DHF, dengue hemorrhagic fever; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation; DSS, dengue shock syndrome; PT, prothrombin time; SD standard deviation; TLC, total leucocyte count.
aCategorical variables are summarized as n (%). Continuous variables are represented as mean ± SD or median (range) if SD >50% of mean.
bGrade 1 and 2 DHF.
cAt presentation (baseline).
dDefined as platelet count <100000/mm3.
eDefined as TLC <4000/mm3.
fDefined as TLC >11000/mm3.
gDefined as AST >50 U/L.
hDefined as ALT >50 U/L.
iIn accordance with the 2012 Berlin definition.
jGall bladder wall edema and/or ascites.