Table 3. Univariable robust Cox model result on progression to late AMD.
| AREDS | AREDS2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Variable | ||||
| Baseline age (yr) | 1.09 (1.07, 1.10) | 2.8 × 10−23 | 1.06 (1.05, 1.07) | 6.6 × 10−29 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | Reference | Reference | ||
| Male | 0.91 (0.78, 1.05) | 0.20 | 0.91 (0.79, 1.06) | 0.22 |
| Education | ||||
| ≤High school | Reference | Reference | ||
| >High school | 0.67 (0.58, 0.78) | 2.5 × 10−7 | 0.78 (0.66, 0.91) | 1.8 × 10−3 |
| Baseline smoking | ||||
| Never | Reference | Reference | ||
| Former | 1.32 (1.14, 1.54) | 3.2 × 10−4 | 1.21 (1.04, 1.40) | 0.01 |
| Current | 2.20 (1.65, 2.92) | 6.3 × 10−8 | 1.15 (0.84, 1.57) | 0.40 |
| Treatmenta | ||||
| Placebo: reference | Placebo: reference | |||
| Antioxidants alone: | 0.73 | L+Z: | 0.52 | |
| 0.96 (0.79, 1.19) | 0.94 (0.76, 1.15) | |||
| Zinc: | 0.07 | LCPUFA: | 0.56 | |
| 1.20 (0.98, 1.48) | 1.06 (0.87, 1.30) | |||
| Antioxidants plus zinc: | 0.40 | L+Z plus LCPUFA: | 0.21 | |
| 1.09 (0.89, 1.34) | 1.14 (0.93,1.40) | |||
| Baseline study eye severity score | 1.96 (1,89, 2.03) | <1.0 × 10−300 | 1.89 (1.74, 2.06) | 1.0 × 10−47 |
| GRSb | 1.85 (1.75, 1.96) | 7.1 × 10−99 | 1.14 (1.08, 1.21) | 2.6 × 10−6 |
a
In AREDS, in addition to the treatment variable itself, the baseline AMD severity score of the study eye was also included to adjust for the unbalanced disease severity level across treatment groups due to the randomization scheme.
b
For 0.1 unit increase in GRS.