Table 1. Demographics of the study enrolees.
| Serum GGT valuea | Q1(≤16 IU/L) | Q2 (17–23 IU/L) | Q3 (24–39 IU/L) | Q4 (≥40 IU/L) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 2251868) | (n = 1905085) | (n = 2145903) | (n = 2085400) | ||
| Age (y, mean±SD) | 54.9±10.7 | 56.1±10.6 | 55.6±10.2 | 53.8±9.4 | < .0001 |
| (y, range) 40–49 | 890951(39.56) | 622381(32.67) | 707656(32.98) | 812724(38.97) | < .0001 |
| 50–64 | 940567(41.77) | 881805(46.29) | 1032607(48.12) | 992522(47.59) | |
| 65- | 420350(18.67) | 400899(21.04) | 405640(18.9) | 280154(13.43) | |
| Sex (Male), n (%) | 401962(17.85) | 755041(39.63) | 1319221(61.48) | 1692574(81.16) | < .0001 |
| Current/ex-smoker, n (%) | 138336(6.14) | 258908(13.59) | 487952(22.74) | 756474(36.27) | < .0001 |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 478562(21.25) | 588977(30.92) | 956979(44.6) | 1381461(66.24) | < .0001 |
| Exercise, n (%) | 235692(10.47) | 207575(10.9) | 225210(10.49) | 186024(8.92) | < .0001 |
| Lower quintile of yearly income, n (%) | 512592(22.76) | 398528(20.92) | 417350(19.45) | 390604(18.73) | < .0001 |
| Residence area (rural) | 1192219(52.94) | 1019851(53.53) | 1148508(53.52) | 1129299(54.15) | < .0001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 130972(5.82) | 174865(9.18) | 266660(12.43) | 351909(16.87) | < .0001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 572077(25.40) | 630317(33.09) | 813762(37.92) | 912370(43.75) | < .0001 |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 303573(13.48) | 359775(18.88) | 472053(22.00) | 535824(25.69) | < .0001 |
| Developing oesophageal cancer, n (%) | 717(0.03) | 1058(0.06) | 1775(0.08) | 3313(0.16) | < .0001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23±2.8 | 23.7±2.9 | 24.3±2.9 | 24.9±3.0 | < .0001 |
| BMI < 18.5 Kg/m2, n (%) | 75508(3.35) | 48921(2.57) | 38085(1.77) | 28289(1.36) | < .0001 |
| SBP, mmHg (mean±SD) | 121.5±16.1 | 124.4±16.1 | 126.3±15.8 | 129.1±15.9 | < .0001 |
| DBP, mmHg (mean±SD) | 75.1±10.2 | 77±10.2 | 78.5±10.1 | 80.8±10.4 | < .0001 |
| Sr glucose, mg/dL (mean±SD) | 93.4±18.2 | 96.8±22.3 | 100.3±26.2 | 105.7±30.9 | < .0001 |
| Sr cholesterol, mg/dL (mean±SD) | 191.5±34.5 | 197.5±36.0 | 200.5±36.6 | 204±38.7 | < .0001 |
| AST, (IU/L)b | 20.72 (20.71–20.73) |
22.06 (22.05–22.07) |
23.81 (23.81–23.82) |
29.67 (29.66–29.69) |
< .0001 |
| ALT, (IU/L)b | 15.83 (15.82–15.84) |
18.76 (18.75–18.77) |
22.63 (22.62–22.64) |
31.48 (31.45–31.50) |
< .0001 |
| GGT, (IU/L)b | 12.46 (12.46–12.46) |
19.67 (19.66–19.67) |
29.81 (29.80–29.81) |
71.47 (71.42–71.53) |
< .0001 |
GGT, gamma-glutamyltransferase; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine transaminase; SD, standard deviation.
aQ1-4 denotes the quartile of the serum value of gamma-glutamyltransferase.
b Geometric mean (95% confidence interval).