Table 6.
Family background, human capital and labor market productivity
| All males | Males w/at least one sibling in sample | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Include parental education | Include parental education | Include parental education & height | Include mother fixed effects | |
|
| ||||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
| Height (logarithm) | 1.780 (0.285) | 1.938 (0.473) | 1.953 (0.535) | 1.313 (0.732) |
| Cognitive assessments (z scores) | ||||
| Raven's Score | 0.069 (0.015) | 0.059 (0.022) | 0.060 (0.022) | 0.122 (0.048) |
| Fluid Intelligence Score | 0.039 (0.015) | 0.034 (0.022) | 0.034 (0.022) | −0.015 (0.068) |
| Work memory: Immed | 0.030 (0.018) | 0.017 (0.028) | 0.014 (0.028) | −0.026 (0.059) |
| Work memory: Delayed | 0.023 (0.017) | 0.030 (0.027) | 0.031 (0.027) | 0.071 (0.080) |
| Completed education (years) | 0.066 (0.003) | 0.056 (0.005) | 0.056 (0.005) | 0.015 (0.008) |
| Health indicators | ||||
| Log BMI | 0.946 (0.095) | 0.590 (0.144) | 0.583 (0.144) | 0.381 (0.440) |
| (1) if difficulty run 1km | −0.035 (0.023) | 0.080 (0.042) | 0.079 (0.042) | 0.105 (0.041) |
| Systolic blood pressure | 0.022 (0.008) | 0.007 (0.014) | 0.008 (0.014) | 0.018 (0.013) |
| Pulse pressure | −0.053 (0.010) | −0.049 (0.015) | −0.050 (0.015) | −0.046 (0.013) |
| Joint tests (F-statistics) | ||||
| All human capital markers | 106.90 | 30.79 | 30.53 | 4.12 |
| Cognitive assessments | 17.79 | 6.46 | 6.42 | 2.23 |
| Health indicators | 34.31 | 8.95 | 8.94 | 5.39 |
| Parental characteristics | 16.48 | 6.68 | 3.47 | . |
| Sample size | 38,430 | 11,789 | 11,789 | 11,789 |
Note: Standard errors in parentheses and all test statistics based on estimates clustered at the individual level and robust to arbitrary forms of heteroskedasticity. All models include flexible age controls, survey wave fixed effects, and local market fixed effects. Columns 1 through 3 include parental characteristics. Column 4 includes mother fixed effects.