Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cryobiology. 2016 Jun 21;73(2):261–271. doi: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.06.005

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Images from an experiment on 6M DMSO with polarized-light illumination: (a) early stress development in the presence of sparse ice crystals, a completely crystallized CPA-air interface, and a large air bubble trapped below the crystallized interface; (b) increased stress level throughout the vitrified domain, and early fractures; (c) increased fracturing in the vitrified domain during cooling; (d) healing of fractures and annealing of stresses during rewarming, while significant stress remains at the center of the cuvette around the air bubble; (e) advanced stress relaxation, while some fractures are still observable; (f) onset of rewarming-phase crystallization (RPC) within the CPA, preventing light transmission; and (g) thermal history in the cooling chamber.