Table 3.
General linear regression for the effect of family structure and function on mental health (GHQ-12)
| Urban | Rural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| Independent variables | ||||||
| Family structure (ref = Extended family) | ||||||
| Alone | −0.36(−1.16,0.44) | −0.41(−1.17,0.35) | −0.45(−1.19,0.29) | 0.86(−0.43,2.15) | 0.21(−0.99,1.41) | 0.19(−0.99,1.37) |
| Couple | −0.06(−0.49,0.37) | 0.12(−0.31,0.55) | 0.10(−0.31,0.51) | −0.27(−1.07,0.53) | −0.40(−1.14,0.34) | −0.47(−1.21,0.27) |
| Nuclear family | 0.06(−0.35,0.47) | 0.12(−0.29,0.53) | 0.16(−0.25,0. 57) | −0.56(−1.17,0.05) | −0.41(−0.998,0.18) | −0.47(−1.04,0.10) |
| Family function (APGAR) | ||||||
| −0.40(−0.48,-0.32)*** | −0.33(−0.41,-0.25)*** | −0.32 (−0.40,-0.24)*** | −0.38(−0.50,-0.26)*** | −0.25(−0.35,-0.15)*** | −0.25(−0.35,-1.52)*** | |
| Control variables | ||||||
| Gender (ref = Female) | ||||||
| Male | −0.37(−0.70,-0.04) * | −0.11(−0.28,0.50) | −0.54(−1.07,-0.01) * | −0.50(−1.17,0. 17) | ||
| Age(ref = ≥60 years old) | ||||||
| 15-29 | 0.35(−0.26,0.96) | 0.83(0.18,1.48)* | −0.83(−1.81,0.15) | −0.38(−1.40,0.64) | ||
| 30-39 | 0.14(−0.43,0.71) | 0.64(0.03,1.25)* | −0.14(−1,12,0.84) | 0.32(−0.70,1.34) | ||
| 40-49 | 0.44(−0.11,0.99) | 0.89(0.32,1.46)** | −0.51(−1.29,0.27) | −0.15(−0.95,0.65) | ||
| 50-59 | 0.13(−0.36,0.62) | 0.40(−0.09,0.89) | 0.52(−0.17,1.21) | 0.67(−0.02,1.36) | ||
| Education level (ref = Primary or less) | ||||||
| Senior high or more | −0.55(−1.02,-0.08)* | −0.57(−1.04,-0.10)** | −0.94(−1.84,-0.04) * | −0.87(−1.75,0.01) | ||
| Junior high | 0.14(−0.33,0.61) | −0.03(−0.50,0.44) | −0.14(−0.79,0.51) | −0.15(−0.78,0.48) | ||
| Self-perceived economic status(ref = Bad) | ||||||
| Good/Fair | −2.03(−2.50,-1.56)*** | −1.93(−2.38,-1.48)*** | −2.29(−2.80,-1.78)*** | −2.15(−2.66,-1.64)*** | ||
| Tobacco smoking(ref = No) | ||||||
| Yes | −0.36(−0.85,0.13) | 0.35(−0.38,1.08) | ||||
| Alcohol drinking(ref = No) | ||||||
| Yes | −0.26(−0.79,0.27) | d | −0.59(−1.32,0.14) | |||
| Chronic disease status(ref = No) | ||||||
| Yes | 0.82(0.45,1.19)*** | 0.81(0.26,1.36)** | ||||
| R 2 | 0.14 | 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.10 | 0.30 | 0.32 |
Note: Model 1 only use family structure and function; then Model 2, age, gender, education level, self-perceived economic status were added; then Model 3, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking and chronic disease status were added
p < 0.05*, p < 0.01**, p < 0.001***