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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 May 6.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurosurg. 2015 Aug 21;124(3):675–686. doi: 10.3171/2015.1.JNS141571

FIG. 7.

FIG. 7

Biochemical markers for tissue and cellular stress. A: Acrolein-lysine adducts in the brain tissue at 1 (Day 1) and 5 (Day 5) days postblast were detected via dot blot analysis. The acrolein-lysine level of both Day 1 and Day 5 are significantly elevated when compared with levels in preblast controls (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively, Tukey-Kramer test; n = 5 rats/group). In addition, the acrolein-lysine level of Day 1 is significantly higher than that of Day 5 (p < 0.05, Tukey-Kramer test; n = 5 rats/group). B: Urine 3-HPMA detected by LC-MS/MS relative to urine creatinine content. Urine was collected for 3 days postblast, indicating significant elevation of 3-HPMA in the first 2 days following exposure as compared with preexposure levels (p < 0.05, Tukey-Kramer test; n = 5 rats).