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. 2017 Feb 10;26(6):1531–1539. doi: 10.1007/s11136-017-1512-x

Table 1.

Mixed effects models with self-reported health as the dependent variable

Model 3
N=157,583
Model 4
N=157,583
Model 5
N=100,590
Fixed effects
 Traditional/rational–secular −0.071** −0.122** −0.140**
 Survival/self-expression 0.265** 0.188** 0.188**
 Age −0.013** 0.013**
 Education 0.020** 0.018**
 Social class (subjective) 0.054** 0.052**
 Income scale (subjective) 0.027** 0.027**
 Gender −0.091** −0.080 **
 GDP per capita (in 1000$) 0.00048**
 Health expenditure per capita (in 1000$) 0.0046**
 Life expectancy 0.019 **
 Government health expenditure (% of GDP) 0.084**
 Out of pocket health expenses 0.006**
 Constant 3.844** 3.874** 3.856**
Random effects
 SD traditional/rational–secular 0.093** 0.074** 0.074**
 SD survival/self-expression 0.062** 0.049** 0.038**
 SD constant 0.215** 0.188** 0.266**

**p<0.01