Table 2. Summary Statistics of Average Annual Percentage Change for Real Income, Real Prices, Relative-Income Price, and Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages from 1990 to 2016a .
| Statistic | No. of Countries | Mean (SD), % | Median (IQR), % | Coefficient of Variationb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Real income | ||||
| Low-income and middle-income countries | 42 | 6.07 (3.38) | 4.97 (7.43) | 0.56 |
| High-income countries | 40 | 1.27 (1.66) | 1.06 (1.27) | 1.31 |
| All countries | 82 | 5.19 (3.63) | 4.97 (5.29) | 0.70 |
| Real prices | ||||
| Low-income and middle-income countries | 42 | −2.69 (2.45) | −2.36 (2.81) | −0.91 |
| High-income countries | 40 | −0.69 (1.66) | −0.20 (1.00) | −2.42 |
| All countries | 82 | −2.32 (2.44) | −2.27 (4.31) | −1.05 |
| Relative-income pricec | ||||
| Low-income and middle-income countries | 42 | −8.76 (5.00) | −7.24 (10.39) | −0.57 |
| High-income countries | 40 | −1.96 (1.52) | −1.26 (1.83) | −0.78 |
| All countries | 82 | −7.52 (5.25) | −7.06 (9.01) | −0.70 |
| Consumption | ||||
| Low-income and middle-income countries | 35 | 4.39 (2.16) | 5.64 (2.84) | 0.49 |
| High-income countries | 33 | −0.35 (2.19) | −0.77 (3.40) | −6.19 |
| All countries | 68 | 3.50 (2.85) | 5.23 (4.29) | 0.82 |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range, SD, standard deviation.
Estimates are weighted by total country population in 2016. Consumption estimates as of 2015; consumption estimates were available for 68 countries only. Data sources: Euromonitor International (36), Economist Intelligence Unit’s World Cost of Living Survey (38), and International Monetary Fund’s World Economic Outlook Database (39).
Coefficient of variation is the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean, which facilitates the comparison of variation between 2 measures. A comparison of coefficients of variation in this table demonstrates that between countries, relative-income price varies more than real price.
Percentage of per capita gross national product to purchase 100 L of sugar-sweetened beverages.