Table 1.
Characteristics of patients at time of heart failure recorded in primary care, hospital admissions, or both (n = 77 857 patients)
| CPRD | CPRD and HES | HES | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary care record of HF but never hospitalized for HF | Primary care record of HF and hospitalized at least once for HF | Hospitalized for HF without primary care record of HF | |
| No. of patients | 23 547 | 23 681 | 30 629 |
| Patient characteristics | |||
| Median age (IQR) in years | 78.8 (70.9–85.6) | 79.8 (72.8–85.9) | 80.4 (71.4–86.9) |
| Women (%) | 12 098 (51.3%) | 11 780 (49.7%) | 16 005 (52.2%) |
| Most deprived fiftha | 4806 (20.4%) | 4312 (18.2%) | 5976 (19.5%) |
| Current smokingb | 2956 (14.1%) | 3283 (14.9%) | 5117 (19.3) |
| Ex‐smokerb | 6842 (32.6%) | 7339 (33.5%) | 7911 (29.9%) |
| Never smokedb | 11 157 (53.3%) | 11 272 (51.4%) | 13 425 (50.8%) |
| Body mass index in kg/m2,b mean ± SD | 27.1 ± 5.7 | 27.3 ± 5.9 | 27.0 ± 5.9 |
| Systolic blood pressure in mmHgb, mean ± SD | 142 ± 23 | 140 ± 24 | 139 ± 22 |
| Serum creatinine, µmol/Lb | 109 ± 86 | 117 ± 56 | 113 ± 68 |
| Haemoglobin, mmol/Lb | 13.2 ± 1.9 | 12.8 ± 1.9 | 12.8 ± 2.0 |
| Co‐morbidity | |||
| Hypertensionc | 17 626 (74.9%) | 19 881 (84.0%) | 24 600 (80.3%) |
| Diabetes mellitusc | 2095 (8.9%) | 3898 (16.4%) | 5493 (17.9%) |
| Atrial fibrillationc | 6491 (27.6%) | 10 793 (45.6%) | 12 432 (40.6%) |
| Ischaemic heart diseasec | 10 332 (43.9%) | 13 421 (56.7%) | 15 346 (50.1%) |
| Myocardial infarctionc | 4959 (21.1%) | 7503 (31.7%) | 8863 (28.9%) |
| Strokec | 663 (2.8%) | 1047 (4.4%) | 1962 (6.4%) |
| COPDc | 4130 (17.5%) | 5444 (23.0%) | 6437 (21.0%) |
| Depressionc | 4854 (20.6%) | 4623 (19.5%) | 6383 (20.8%) |
| Cancerc | 4616 (19.6%) | 4569 (19.3%) | 7156 (23.4%) |
| Heart failure medication | |||
| Loop diureticsd | 16 513 (70.1%) | 20 911 (88.3%) | 13 643 (44.5%) |
| ACE inhibitors/ARBd | 13 138 (55.8%) | 17 057 (72.0%) | 11 844 (38.7%) |
| Beta‐blockersd | 7179 (30.5%) | 8190 (34.6%) | 7985 (26.1%) |
| HF beta‐blockerse | 3003 (12.8%) | 5247 (22.2%) | 3753 (12.3%) |
| MRAsd | 2273 (9.7%) | 5502 (23.2%) | 2389 (7.8%) |
CPRD, Clinical Practice Research Datalink; HES, Hospital Episodes Statistics; HF, heart failure; IQR, interquartile range; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; SD, standard deviation.
a
Assessed by index of multiple deprivation.
b
Measurement closest to and within 6 months before or on the date of HF diagnosis.
c
Prior medical history of the given co‐morbidity.
d
Denotes present or prescribed ± 6 months of index date for HF diagnosis.
e
HF beta‐blockers include metoprolol, carvedilol, or bisoprolol.