Table 1.

Comparisons of demographics and clinical status of the studied cohorts

Characteristics	U.S./START group		Taiwan/OAT group
Characteristics	No.	%	No.	%
Total	1267	100.0	983	100.0
*Demographics*
Sex ^*
Male	859	67.8	868	88.3
Female	408	32.2	115	11.7
Age (Mean ± S.D.)	37.4 ± 11.1		37.8 ± 7.7
Age strata^*
18–34	604	47.7	364	37.0
35–49	455	35.9	542	55.1
≧50	208	16.4	77	7.8
Current Cigarettes Smoker	1126	88.9	978	99.5
*Drug use*
Opioid Injection (past 30 days) ^*	870	68.7	894	91.0
Amphetamine (urine positive) ^*	114	9.0	192	19.5
Cocaine (urine positive)	474	37.4	----	----
Cannabinoid (urine positive)	300	23.7	----	----
Ketamine ^a	----	----	103	10.5
*Medical co-morbidity*
HIV antibody positive ^*	11	1.1	176	18.1
HCV antibody positive ^*	551	43.5	885	91.4
HBV antigen positive ^*	5	0.4	172	17.8
Alcohol use ^b	340	26.9	226	23.0
*Psychiatric medication*^c
Prescribed medication for mood problems (Lifetime)^*	519	60.1	35	5.4
Prescribed medication for mood problems (past 30 days) ^*	240	27.8	14	2.2

Self-reported ketamine use during lifetime.

The definitions of to each participating node:

U.S./START group: Excessive use, or use to intoxication within the past 30 days.
Taiwan/OAT group: Current alcohol use disorder diagnosed by qualified psychiatrists at assessment.

The valid report number of psychiatric medication are as follows:

p<0.001