Table 1. Ongoing clinical trials combining radiation and immunotherapy for NSCLC.

Institution	Disease	Design	Primary outcome	Immunotherapy	Radiation	Combination timing
UC Davis	Stage I NSCLC	Single arm phase I	Safety	Atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1)	SBRT 50 Gy	Concurrent
Weill Medical College of Cornell Univ.	Stage IB and II NSCLC	Randomized phase II	DFS	Durvalumab (anti-PD-L1)	Randomized to surgery or preop SBRT	Concurrent
RTOG/Multi-Institutional	Stage III NSCLC (unresectable)	Phase III randomized	OS, PFS	Nivolumab (anti-PD1)	Thoracic chemoradiation 60 Gy	Immunotherapy after chemo-radiation
Duke Univ./Multi-Institutional	Stage IB, II or IIIA NSCLC	Single arm phase II	Surgical feasibility	Pembrolizumab	Adjuvant thoracic RT if necessary	Not concurrent
UC Davis	Stage IV or recurrent NSCLC	Single arm phase I	safety	MPDL3280A (anti-PD-L1)	SBRT	Concurrent; induction; or sequential
Royal Marsden Hospital	Metastatic NSCLC	Phase I dose escalation	safety	Pembrolizumab (anti-PD1)	Palliative RT (low-dose, high-dose)
Albert Einstein College of Medicine	Metastatic NSCLC	Phase 2	PFS	FLT3 ligand (CDX-301)—given subcutaneously	SBRT to lung lesion	Concurrent

NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; DFS, disease-free survival; PFS, progression-free survival; OS, overall survival; SBRT, stereotactic body radiotherapy.