Table 2.

Baseline demographics of participants Mean ± SD

Demographic variable	Healthy controls (N = 66)	ALS (N = 317)	P
Age at assessment	61.39 ± 13.67	63.00 ± 11.13	0.333
Males %	45%	51%	0.023
Years of Education	13.51 ± 3.76	12.91 ± 3.77	0.252
Disease onset (%)
Spinal Onset	–	56.7	–
Bulbar Onset	–	23.2	–
Respiratory	–	2.9	–
Time since diagnosis (months)	–	7.66 ± 10.54	–
Disease duration (months)	–	22.09 ± 16.07	–
Total ALSFRS‐R (±SD)	–	35.17 ± 7.88
Bulbar total	–	9.42 ± 2.96	–
Spinal total	–	15.23 ± 5.88	–
Respiratory total	–	10.51 ± 2.40	–
Disease staging (as per King's criteria)
Stage 1	–	21%	–
Stage 2	–	18%	–
Stage 3	–	14%	–
Stage 4	–	47%	–