Table 3. Unadjusted and adjusted associations of categories of symptoms of depression and medical treatment or therapy for depression with CLS measures in the past 3 months, among 1340 MSM who reported anal or vaginal sex in the past 3 months.
| N=1340 MSM reporting sex in the past 3 months | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent variable | Depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥10) | Receiving treatment for depression | N (%) | % Pa | Unadjusted PR (95% CI) P b | Adjusted PR (95% CI) P b |
| CLS with one or more partners | Yes Yes No No |
Yes No Yes No |
48 (3.6) 118 (8.8) 75 (5.6) 1099 (82.0) |
81.3% 72.0% 68.0% 61.7% 0.006 |
1.32 (1.14, 1.52) 1.17 (1.03, 1.32) 1.10 (0.94, 1.30) 1 <0.001 |
1.26 (1.08, 1.46) 1.30 (1.02, 1.30) 1.06 (0.90, 1.24) 1 0.006 |
| CLS with two or more partners | Yes Yes No No |
Yes No Yes No |
48 (3.6) 118 (8.8) 75 (5.6) 1099 (82.0) |
54.2% 40.7% 40.0% 29.7% <0.001 |
1.83 (1.39, 2.41) 1.37 (1.08, 1.74) 1.35 (1.01, 1.81) 1 <0.001 |
1.65 (1.23, 2.21) 1.37 (1.08, 1.75) 1.35 (1.01, 1.80) 1 0.001 |
| CLS with unknown/HIV-positive status partner(s)c | Yes Yes No No |
Yes No Yes No |
48 (3.6%) 118 (8.8%) 75 (5.6%) 1099 (82.0%) |
54.2% 49.2% 50.7% 32.0% <0.001 |
1.69 (1.29, 2.22) 1.53 (1.25, 1.88) 1.58 (1.25, 2.01) 1 <0.001 |
1.50 (1.11, 2.02) 1.48 (1.20, 1.82) 1.57 (1.23, 2.00) 1 <0.001 |
| Receptive CLS with an unknown status partner | Yes Yes No No |
Yes No Yes No |
48 (3.6) 118 (8.8) 75 (5.6) 1099 (82.0) |
25.0% 22.0% 24.0% 11.9% <0.001 |
2.10 (1.25, 3.51) 1.85 (1.27, 2.69) 2.01 (1.30, 3.11) 1 <0.001 |
1.68 (0.94, 2.99) 1.71 (1.16, 2.52) 2.08 (1.34, 3.21) 1 0.001 |
| Self-reported bacterial STI diagnosis (past year) | Yes Yes No No |
Yes No Yes No |
48 (3.6) 118 (8.8) 75 (5.6) 1099 (82.0) |
35.4% 44.9% 33.3% 29.9% 0.009 |
1.19 (0.80, 1.76) 1.50 (1.21, 1.87) 1.12 (0.80, 1.56) 1 0.004 |
1.34 (0.91, 1.96) 1.52 (1.21, 1.92) 1.12 (0.81, 1.55) 1 0.003 |
| PEP use (past year) | Yes Yes No No |
Yes No Yes No |
48 (3.6) 118 (8.8) 75 (5.6) 1099 (82.0) |
25.0% 22.9% 17.3% 14.1% 0.018 |
1.77 (1.06, 2.96) 1.62 (1.13, 2.33) 1.23 (0.73, 2.06) 1 0.014 |
2.05 (1.21, 3.47) 1.78 (1.22, 2.58) 1.28 (0.77, 2.12) 1 0.002 |
Note: Adjusted models – age (in four categories: <25, 25–29, 30–39 or ≥40 years), UK born (yes or no/missing), sexual identity (gay or bisexual/straight), university education (yes or no/missing), ongoing relationship status (yes or no/missing) and study region (London, South or other).
CLS, condomless sex; MSM, men who have sex with men; PEP, post-exposure prophylaxis; PHQ, Patient Health Questionnaire; PR, prevalence ratio; STI, sexually transmitted infection.
Pearson’s χ2 test.
Wald test from modified Poisson regression.
Excludes men who reported no CLS partners of unknown HIV status, and only one HIV positive CLS partner who was a long-term partner and with whom they ‘thought the risks of catching HIV were low because their partner was taking ART’.