TABLE 3.

Concentrations of flavones in fruits, vegetables, olive oil, and honey

Botanical name (family)	Common name (serving size, g)	Flavone	Flavone, mg/100 g fresh weight	Flavone, mg/serving	Reference
Actinidia deliciosa (Actinidiaceae)	Kiwi fruit (100)	Luteolin/luteolin glycosides	<1.21–2.2	<1–2	30, 50, 52, 53
Spinacia oleracea (Amaranthaceae)	Spinach (200)	Apigenin	<0.12	<1	30, 54–58
		Luteolin	<0.13–6.6	<1–13
Petroselinum crispum (Apiaceae)	Parsley (5)	Apigenin	<2.44–1484	<1–74	9, 30, 50, 57–60
		Luteolin	<0.44–22	<1–1
Apium graveolens var. dulce (Apiaceae)	Celery stalks (200)	Apigenin	1.3–10.8	3–22	9, 30, 52, 61
		Luteolin	<1.2–2.2	<2–4
	Celery hearts (200)	Apigenin	19.1	38	30
		Luteolin	3.5	7
Apium graveolens var. secalinum (Apiaceae)	Chinese celery (200)	Apigenin	24.0	48	30
		Luteolin	34.9	70
Lactuca sativa (Asteraceae)	Lettuce (100)	Apigenin	<0.75–2.7	<1–3	15, 30, 52, 54–58, 62–65
		Luteolin	<1.26–8.8	<1–9
Cynara scolymus (Asteraceae)	Artichoke heads (200)	Apigenin/apigenin glycosides	3.9–18.9	8–38	30, 66–70
		Luteolin/luteolin glycosides	2.3–7.5	5–15
Chicorium intybus (Asteraceae)	Chicory leaves (100)	Apigenin/apigenin O-glycosides	<0.1–68	<1–68	14, 30, 62, 71
		Luteolin/luteolin O-glycosides	<0.1–333	<1–333
Brassica napus var. napobrassica (Brassicaceae)	Rutabaga (200)	Apigenin	<0.1–15.4	<1–31	30, 56
		Luteolin	<0.1	<1
Brassica oleracea (Brassicaceae)	Broccoli (200)	Luteolin/luteolin glycosides	<0.44–7.5	<1–15	30, 50, 55, 58, 72
Brassica oleracea var. acephala (Brassicaceae)	Kohlrabi (200)	Luteolin	ND7–1.3	<1–3	30, 58
Brassica rapa var. chinensis (Brassicaceae)	Chinese cabbage (200)	Apigenin	<0.1–4.5	<1–9	15, 30, 54, 55, 58, 65
		Luteolin	<0.1–1.2	<1–2
Citrullus lanatus (Cucurbitaceae)	Watermelon (200)	Luteolin	<1.28–1.8	<2–4	30, 52, 53, 57, 73
Cucumis melo (Cucurbitaceae)	Muskmelon (200)	Luteolin	<1.28–2.6	<2–5	30, 52, 53
Cucirbota sp. (Cucurbitaceae)	Pumpkin (200)	Luteolin	<0.1–1.6	<1–3	30, 53, 72
Vaccinium sp. (Ericaceae)	Blueberry (100)	Luteolin	<1.2–1.8	<1–2	9, 30, 52, 55
Pisum sativum (Fabaceae)	Peas (100)	Apigenin	<0.12–17.6	<1–18	30, 55, 72
		Luteolin	<0.1–0.4	<1
Olea europaea (Oleaceae)	Black olives (50)	Apigenin	6.5	3	30, 74
		Luteolin	3.2–17.5	2–9
Olea europaea (Oleaceae)	Green olives (50)	Luteolin	0.2–1.2	<1–1	30
Olea europaea (Oleaceae)	Olive oil (15)	Apigenin	<0.1–0.2	<1	30, 75
		Luteolin	<0.1–0.7	<1
Citrus paradisi (Rutaceae)	Grapefruit (200)	Apigenin/apigenin glycosides	<0.35–4.9	<1–10	30, 50, 52, 53, 55
		Luteolin	<1.2–1.4	<1–3
Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae)	Orange (200)	Luteolin	<0.1–1.5	<1–3	30, 53, 55, 76
Fortunella crassifolia (Rutaceae)	Kumquat (100)	Apigenin glycosides	21.9	22	30, 50
Capsicum annuum (Solanaceae)	Bell peppers (100)	Luteolin/luteolin glycosides	0.1–12.9	<1–13	9, 30, 50, 58, 62
Vitis sp. (Vitaceae)	Grapes (200)	Luteolin	<0.1–2.6	<1–5	9, 30, 53, 55, 56
	Honey (20)	Apigenin	<0.1–29.3	<1–6	30, 77–82
		Luteolin	<0.49–3.2	<1–1

¹Limit of detection ranged from 0.212 to 1.2 mg/100 g fresh weight (50, 52).

²Limit of detection ranged from 0.01 to 0.1 mg/100 g fresh weight (55, 56).

³Limit of detection ranged from 0.03 to 0.1 mg/100 g fresh weight (55, 56).

⁴Limit of detection not specified but estimated with the use of the lowest reported value (58).

⁵Limit of detection ranged from 0.01 to 0.67 mg/100 g fresh weight (52, 55, 56, 64).

⁶Limit of detection ranged from 0.3 to 1.2 mg/100 g fresh weight (52, 55, 56).

⁷ND, not detected/limit of detection not specified.

⁸Limit of detection ranged from 0.1 to 1.2 mg/100 g fresh weight (52, 73).

⁹Limit of detection not specified but estimated with the use of the lowest reported value (78).