TABLE 7.

Bioavailability of flavone C-glycosides in humans¹

Source	Subjects, n	Dose	Plasma Tmax, h	Plasma concentration, μmol/L	Urinary excretion, % of intake	Reference
Rooibos teas (fermented and unfermented leaves)	5 men and 5 women	0.1–0.2 mg luteolin, 12.2–12.6 mg luteolin C-glycosides, and 2.0–2.2 mg apigenin C-glycosides	—	ND	ND	139
Rooibos tea (unfermented leaves)	10 men	43 mg luteolin C-glycosides, 5.9 mg apigenin C-glycosides, and 0.9 mg luteolin O-glycosides	1.5–3	<0.001	—	34

¹ND, not detected/limit of detection not specified; T_max, time of maximum plasma concentration.