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. 2016 Aug 10;66(9):763–773. doi: 10.1093/biosci/biw091

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Overall log response ratios between engineered- shore structures (a) seawall, (b) riprap, (c) breakwater and natural shorelines for biodiversity of flora, benthic infauna, birds, epibiota, and nekton. The error bars represent 95% confidence intervals and data labels show the number of studies and the total number of responses from the studies.