Table 1.

Studies included in the meta-analyses.

Authors	Year	Seawall	Riprap	Breakwater	Rocky	Soft Sediment	Biogenic	Flora	Benthic Infauna	Birds	Epibiota	Nekton
Bilkovic and Mitchell	2013		X	X			X	A	A		AB
Bilkovic and Roggero	2008	X	X				X					B
Bozek and Burdick	2005	X					X	A
Bulleri and Chapman	2004	X		X	X						A
Bulleri et al.	2004	X			X						A
Bulleri et al.	2005	X			X						A
Burt et al.	2009			X			X				AB	AB
Chapman	2003	X			X						B
Chapman	2005	X			X						AB
Currin et al.	2007			X			X	A				AB
Diaz-Agras et al.	2010	X			X						A
Drexler at al.	2013	X					X				A
Dugan and Hubbard	2006	X				X				AB
Dugan et al.	2008	X				X			AB	AB
Gittman et al.	2016	X		X			X	A			A	AB
Glasby et al.	2007	X			X						B
Harris and Strayer	2014		X		X	X					B
Heatherington and Bishop	2012	X					X	A
Hendon et al.	2000	X				X	X					A
Jackson et al.	2015	X				X				A		A
Lam et al.	2009	X			X						A
Lawless and Seitz	2014	X	X				X		AB			A
Lee and Li	2013	X		X	X						A
Long et al.	2011	X	X				X		AB			A
Moreira et al.	2006	X			X						A
Morley et al.	2012		X				X		A		AB	A
O'Conner et al.	2010			X			X	A			AB
Peters et al.	2015			X			X				A	AB
Peterson et al.	2000	X				X	X					A
Seitz et al.	2006	X	X				X		AB			AB
Sobocinski et al.	2010	X	X			X			AB		B
Strayer et al.	2012	X	X		X	X		B	A		AB	A

Note: “A” indicates abundance data and “B” indicates biodiversity data.