Table 1.

Description of studies of TBIs for comorbid SUDs and other Psychiatric Disorders

TBI name and study reference	Target symptoms/ disorders	Participants	Technology platform	Sample size (n)	Comparison group(s)	Description of TBI	Level of Therapist Involvement in TBI
Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)
SHADE Kay-Lambkin et al. (2009)61	Depression and problematic alcohol and/or other drug use	Age 16+ Recruited from community and treatment settings in Australia	Computer- based	Randomized = 97 Follow-up: 3 month = 82 6 month = 79 12 month = 82	1)Brief intervention only 2)SHADE therapy w/ live therapist 3)SHADE therapy via computer	9, 60-minute, weekly sessions of computer-delivered SHADE therapy that incorporates MI and CBT interactive components (e.g., video demonstrations, voice-overs, and in- session exercises)	10–15 minute weekly structured check-in with research clinician
SHADE (replication study) Kay-Lambkin et al. (2011)62	Depression and problematic alcohol and/or other drug use	Age 16+ Recruited from community and treatment settings in Australia	Computer- based	Randomized = 274 Follow-up: 3 month = 163	1)SHADE therapy w/ live therapist 2)SHADE therapy via computer 3)Supportive counseling w/live therapist	9, 60-minute, weekly sessions of computer-delivered SHADE therapy that incorporates MI and CBT interactive components (e.g., video demonstrations, voice-overs, and in- session exercises)	10 minute weekly structured check-in with research clinician
Agyapong et al. (2012)65	Depression and alcohol use disorders	Adults Recruited from inpatient treatment	Mobile phone text messaging	Randomized = 54 Follow-up: 3 month = 50	1)Supportive text messages twice daily 2)Thank you text messages once fortnightly	3 months of twice daily, supportive automated text messages; half of the messages targeted mood and medication compliance and half targeted alcohol abstinence	None
VetChange Brief et al.(2013)69	PTSD symptoms and problematic alcohol use	OEF/OIF veterans age 18–65 Recruited from Facebook ads	Internet- based	Randomized = 600 Follow-up: 3 month = 261	1)VetChange 2)VetChange after 8-week delay	8-module self- management intervention that incorporates MI, CBT components; participants allowed 8 weeks to complete intervention; includes home exercises, self- monitoring, and tailored feedback	None
Geisner et al. (2015)67	Depressive symptoms and problematic alcohol use	Undergraduate students age 18–24 Recruited from randomly selected list of 5,777 enrolled undergraduates	Internet- based	Randomized = 339 Follow-up: 1 month = 311	1)Alcohol only intervention 2)Mood only intervention 3)Integrated intervention 4)Assessment only	1 session, brief personalized feedback on alcohol use and depression; based on social norms approaches; includes psychoeducation and coping strategies for alcohol and depression	None
DEAL Deady et al. (2016)64	Depressive symptoms and problematic alcohol use	Young adults age18– 25 Recruited online and through radio ads and flyers	Internet- based	Randomized = 104 Follow-up: 5 weeks = 56 3 month = 45 6 month = 40	1)DEAL 2)Attention control (HealthWatch)	4 weekly, 1 hour modules; based on CBT and MI strategies; homework at the end of each module	None
Uncontrolled pilot, feasibility and acceptability studies
Ruggiero et al.(2006)73	Depression, anxiety, and substance use	Adult NYC residents Recruited from a larger epidemiological study with initial recruitment 6 months post-9/11 Needed to have home internet access and mailing address	Internet- based	Invited = 1,035 Accessed study website = 325 Consented = 285	N/A	7-module early intervention for disaster-affected populations; based on CBT principles; components of screening, psychoeducation, individualized feedback; participants screened into modules if they endorse relevant symptoms	None
DBT Coach Rizvi et al. (2011)72	Borderline Personality Disorder and SUDs	Adults Recruited from outpatient DBT programs	Mobile phone application	Consented = 22	N/A	Mobile phone app that provides coaching in the DBT skill of opposite action; participants used app for 10–14 days as adjunct to their DBT treatment and completely daily assessments	No therapist involvement in using the app, but eligibility criteria required that participants be receiving outpatient treatment while enrolled in the study
Published protocols and descriptive articles on treatment development
Climate Schools Combined (CSC) Teesson et al.(2014)74	Substance use, anxiety, and depressive symptoms	Target participants: Students age 13–15 years Australian secondary schools will be recruited	Internet- based	Target for RCT = 84 schools	Design for RCT: 1)CSC 2)Climate-Substance use 3)Climate-Mental health 4)Usual health education	18, 40-minute lessons containing psychoeducation presented in cartoon format; based on harm reduction approach for substance use and combines CBT principles, psychoeducation, and skill acquisition	Manualized classroom activities reinforce the psychoeducation presented in the TBI and allow students to engage in interactive communication
DEAL Kay-Lambkin et al. (2015)66	Depressive symptoms and problematic alcohol use	Target participants: Young adults age 18–30 years Recruited via online and traditional methods	Internet- based	Target for RCT = 369	Design for RCT: 1)12 months of online monthly assessment 2)12 months of online monthly assessment + DEAL 3)12 months of online monthly assessment + DEAL + social networking site	4 weekly, 1 hour modules; based on CBT and MI strategies; homework at the end of each module ; participants can review modules as much as they want within 12 months	Social networking site is monitored by research clinicians for crisis situations and inappropriate posts
Coming Home and Moving Forward Possemato et al. (2015)71	PTSD symptoms and problematic substance use	Target participants: OEF/OIF/OND veterans Recruited from 4 VA primary care clinics	Internet- based	Target for RCT = 164	Design for RCT: 1)Coming Home and Moving Forward + TAU 2)TAU	24 modules (2 sessions/week for 12 weeks); CBT and MI approach focused on learning self- management skills for PTSD and substance use; optional guided written exposure module	None

SHADE = Self-Help for Alcohol and other drug use and Depression; MI = Motivational Interviewing; CBT = Cognitive-behavioral Therapy; OEF = Operation Enduring Freedom; OIF = Operation Iraqi Freedom; OND = Operation New Dawn; DEAL = Depression Alcohol intervention; TAU = Treatment as usual