Fig 5 All cause mortality rates by time since treatment initiation and cessation in methadone cohorts and pooled all cause mortality risk trends, 2009-16. High risk cohort of Nosyk et al³⁶ (injectors positive for HIV receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy) was excluded from meta-regression. Area of each circle is proportional to weight of each time interval in meta-regression. Pooled trends in all cause mortality risk (solid lines) and their 95% confidence intervals (shaded regions) over time in and out of methadone treatment were estimated from bivariate random effects meta-regression of log transformed rates on quadratic linear spline function of log time with knot at four weeks