Cooling changes the locations of vowels in formant space. (A) Frequency smoothed spectrogram from a portion of the ‘Scales’ task with the first and second formants overlaid in orange. (B,C) Locations of vowels in formant space for the ‘Scales’ (B) and ‘My Bonnie’ (C) tasks (control = black, cooled = blue) with lines connecting the same vowels. (D,E) The change in formants induced by cooling for each vowel in the ‘Scales’ (D) and ‘My Bonnie’ (E) tasks. (F) Spectrogram from the ‘Days’ task. (G,H) Locations of vowels in formant space for the ‘Counting’ (G) and ‘Days’ (H) tasks. (I,J) Cooling-induced formant changes in the ‘Counting’ (I) and ‘Days’ (J) tasks.