Table II.
Echocardiography parameters, medical and device therapy
| Variable | HF (n = 52) | HFrEF (n = 33) | HFpEF (n = 19) | REF (n = 20) | All (n = 72) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Echocardiographic parameters: | |||||
| LVEF [%], mean ± SD | 42.0 ±14.8 | 31.6 ±7.2 | 58.2 ±5.3 | 61.4 ±4.7 | 43.7 ±15.2 |
| LAD [mm], mean ± SD | 45.0 ±6.2 | 45.8 ±7.5 | 43.8 ±2.7 | 32.4 ±2.9 | 43.9 ±7.0 |
| LVEDD [mm], mean ± SD | 57.7 ±10.0 | 60.0 ±9.1 | 52.0 ±9.0 | – | – |
| IVSDd [mm], mean ± SD | 11.5 ±2.6 | 11.1 ±2.6 | 12.4 ±2.5 | – | – |
| Right-ventricular dilatation, n (%) | 11 (21.2) | 10 (30.3) | 1 (5.3) | – | – |
| E-wave [cm/s], mean ± SD | 62.4 ±32.5 | 55.4 ±47.6 | 69.3 ±14.8 | – | – |
| DT [ms], mean ± SD | 196.9 ±83.8 | 173.5 ±85.2 | 228.7 ±73.2 | – | – |
| IVRT [ms], mean ± SD | 125.7 ±34.1 | 130.7 ±40.1 | 119.2 ±22.1 | – | – |
| E/E’ [cm/s], mean ± SD | 13.9 ±8.8 | 15.5 ±10.5 | 11.4 ±4.9 | – | – |
| Diastolic dysfunction, n (%) | 48 (92.3) | 29 (87.9) | 19 (100) | – | – |
| Medical therapy: | |||||
| β-Blocker, n (%) | 43 (82.7) | 30 (90.9) | 13 (68.4) | – | – |
| ACE inhibitor, n (%) | 32 (61.5) | 20 (60.6) | 12 (63.2) | – | – |
| Angiotensin receptor blocker, n (%) | 20 (38.5) | 13 (39.4) | 7 (36.8) | – | – |
| Thiazide diuretics, n (%) | 17 (32.7) | 8 (24.2) | 9 (47.4) | – | – |
| Loop diuretic, n (%) | 28 (53.8) | 23 (69.7) | 5 (26.3) | – | – |
| Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, n (%) | 16 (30.8) | 12 (36.4) | 4 (21.1) | – | – |
| Statin, n (%) | 36 (69.2) | 23 (69.7) | 13 (68.4) | – | |
| ASA, n (%) | 39 (75.0) | 24 (72.7) | 15 (78.9) | ||
| Device therapy: | |||||
| Pacemaker, n (%) | 6 (11.5) | 4 (12.1) | 2 (10.5) | – | – |
| ICD, n (%) | 11 (21.2) | 10 (30.3) | 1 (5.3) | – | – |
| CRT-(D), n (%) | 15 (28.8) | 11 (33.3) | 4 (21.1) | – | – |
LVEF – left ventricular ejection fraction, LAD – left atrial diameter, LVEDD – left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, IVSDd – interventricular septal diameter in diastole, E-wave – early-wave, DT – deceleration time, IVRT – isovolumic relaxation time, ACE – angiotensin converting enzyme, ASA – acetylsalicylic acid, ICD – internal cardioverter-defibrillator, CRT-(D) – cardiac resynchronization therapy (-defibrillator).