Table 3.

Analytical parameters of MIP-based sensors for cancer biomarker detection.

Biomarker	Detection Technique	Linear Range	LOD	Reference
PSA	Electrochemical (capacitance)	0.1–10,000 pg/mL	0.08 pg/mL	[34]
	Electrochemical (EIS)	100 pg/mL–100 ng/mL	1 pg/mL	[35]
	Potentiometry	2.0–89.0 ng/mL	<2.0 ng/mL	[36]
	Electrochemical (SWSV)	–	0.25 fg/mL	[37]
	Electrochemical (DPSV)	–	3.04 fg/mL	[37]
	Optical (SPR)	0.1–50 ng/mL	91 pg/mL	[38]
AFP	Electrochemical (DPV)	0.8–10,000 ng/mL	0.096 ng/mL	[39]
	Electrochemical (SWSV)	0.10–700 pg/mL	24.6 fg/mL	[40]
	Optical (fluorescence)	3.96–80.0 ng/mL	0.42 ng/mL	[21]
CEA	Electrochemical (CV, EIS, SWV)	0.05–1.25 pg/mL	–	[41]
CA-125	Electrochemical (EIS, DPV)	0.5–400 U/mL	0.5 U/mL	[42]
NMP22	Electrochemical (CV)	128–588 ng/mL	–	[43]
Calcitonin	Electrochemical (DPSV)	9.99 pg/mL–7919 ng/mL	3.09 pg/mL	[44]
Bilirubin	Photoelectrochemical	0.03–28 μM	0.001 μM	[45]
	Piezoelectric (QCM)	1–50 μg/mL	0.45 μg/mL	[46]
Neopterin	Potentiometry	0.15–2.5 mM	22 μM	[47]
Modified nucleosides	Piezoelectric (acoustic wave)	–	<1 ppm	[48]
	Electrochemical (CV, EIS)	0.1–100 pg/mL	–	[49]

PSA: prostate specific antigen; AFP: alpha-fetoprotein; CEA: carcinoembryonic antigen; CA-125: cancer antigen 125; NMP22: nuclear matrix protein 22; EIS: electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; SWSV: square wave stripping voltammetry; DPSV: differential pulse stripping voltammetry; SPR: surface plasmon resonance; DPV: differential pulse voltammetry; CV: cyclic voltammetry; SWV: square wave voltammetry; QCM: quartz crystal microbalance.