Fig 1. Findings of gray matter volume decreases in all AD patients (both groups) in comparison with healthy controls.

Axial brain slices (T1 MNI template from SPM8) are overlaid by results from comparison between all AD patients, with few or with multiple neuropsychiatric symptoms, and healthy controls (with correction for multiple comparisons over the whole brain, p<0.05).The right hemisphere of the brain is shown on the right. Statistical parametric maps were thresholded at p<0.001 uncorrected for multiple comparisons, with a minimum cluster extent of 25 voxels. The figure was produced from visualized results using xjView toolbox (http://www.alivelearn.net/xjview). A) VBM analysis results showing GM reductions in the all AD patients (n = 19) versus controls (n = 13). Findings are highlighted in superior temporal gyrus extended to the middle temporal and parahippocampal gyri, anterior cingulate gyrus extended to the medial frontal gyrus, and superior-middle frontal gyri (significant at p < 0.05, FWE-corrected over the whole brain). B) VBM analysis results showing GM reductions in AD patients with few NPS (n = 7) versus controls (n = 13). Widespread clusters are shown involving the anterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex and postcentral gyrus (significant at p < 0.05, FWE-corrected over the whole brain) (Table 3). Less robust findings are shown in the left temporal cortex and temporo-limbic region (significant in SVC analyses at p<0.05 FWE-corrected; Table 4). C) VBM analysis results showing GM reductions in AD patients with multiple NPS (n = 12) versus controls (n = 13). Findings are highlighted in the left insula and temporal cortex (significant at p < 0.05, FWE-corrected over the whole brain) (Table 3). Additional clusters are seen in the anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortices (significant only in SVC-based analyses at p<0.05 FWE-corrected) (Table 5), and these differences appeared to be less widespread relative to the findings detected in the AD patients with few NPS.