Table 2.
Figures of merit of enzyme-based and enzyme-free immunosensors using conventional electrode substrates.
| Target | Probe | LoD | Method | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AbHIV | Peptides | 1 ng mL−1 | AlkP/DPV | [12] |
| IgG | Ag | 1.4 μg mL−1 | HRP/CV—Sandwich | [13] |
| Estradiol | Ab | 0.77 pg mL−1 | HRP/CV—Competitive | [14] |
| CEA | Ab | 40 pg mL−1 | HRP—Sandwich | [15] |
| ACTH | Ab | 18 fg mL−1 | AlkP/DPV—Competitive | [16] |
| Sulfonamide | Ab | 200–500 pg mL−1 | HRP—Competitive | [17] |
| CA-125 | Ab | 0.1 U mL−1 | GOx—Sandwich | [18] |
| TNF-α | Ab | 10 pg mL−1 | HRP/CV—Sandwich | [19] |
| Tyrosine kinase | Ab | 337 pg mL−1 | HRP—Sandwich | [20] |
| TREM-1 | Ab | 30 pg mL−1 | FeCN63−/4−/EIS | [21] |
| Atrazine | Hapten | 0.2 ng L−1 | ECP/SWV—Competitive | [22] |
| HbA1c | Peptide | - | Fc/CV—Competitive | [23] |
| Bisphenol A | Hapten | 2 pg mL−1 | ECP/SWV—Competitive | [24] |
| Acetaminophen | Hapten | 1.5 pg mL−1 | ECP/SWV—Competitive | [25] |
| HE4 | Ag | 0.06 ng L−1 | DNA/DNA—Sandwich | [26] |
| Okadaic acid | Ag | 0.3 ng mL−1 | FeCN63−/4−/EIS | [27] |
| EGFR | Ag | 1 pg mL−1 | FeCN63−/4−/EIS | [28] |
| Cortisol | Ag | 3.6 ng L−1 | FeCN63−/4−/CV | [29] |
| Porcine albumin | Ag | 0.5 pg mL−1 | FeCN63−/4−/CV | [30] |
| Hemagglutinin | scFv | 0.6 pg mL−1 | FeCN63−/4−/EIS | [31] |