Table 3.

Figures of merit of selected immunosensors using carbon nanostructures.

Target	Probe	LoD	Method	Reference
E. coli	Ab	5 × 103 CFU mL−1	HRP/CV	[32]
Cardiac troponin T	Ab	0.033 ng mL−1	HRP/Fe(CN)63−/4−/CV	[33]
Aflatoxin B1	Ab	3.5 pg mL−1	AlkP/a-NP/DPV	[34]
TGF protein	Ab	1.3 pg mL−1	HRP/HQ/Amperometry	[35]
PSA protein	Ab	20 pg mL−1	HRP/TH/DPV	[36]
α-Fetoprotein	Ab	0.011 ng mL−1	HRP/PB/DPV	[37]
Procalcitonin	Ab	1.23 pg mL−1	ChOx/H2O2-CoPC/DPV	[38]
Aflatoxin B1	Ab	0.08 ng mL−1	Fe(CN)63−/4−/CV	[39]
Endosulphan	Hapten	0.01 pg mL−1	Fc/SWV	[40]
Gonadotrophin	Ab	3 μIU mL−1	HRP/CV	[41]
α-Transglutaminase	Ab	-	AlkP/Ag0-Ag+	[42]
Zearalenone	Ab	1.5 pg mL−1	Fe(CN)63−/4−/CV	[43]
IgG	Ag	9 pg mL−1	AuNP/AuCl4−/DPV	[44]
8-Isoprostane	Ag	12 pg mL−1	HRP/HQ/Competition/CV	[45]
AFP protein	Ag	0.33 pg mL−1	GOx/HRP/Fe(CN)63−/4−/CV	[46]
CRP protein	Ag	-	Fe(CN)63−/4−/CV	[47]
Vangl1 protein	Ag	0.03 pg mL−1	AuNPs/H2O2/Amperometry	[48]