. 2017 Apr 7;17(4):794. doi: 10.3390/s17040794

Table 5.

Figures of merit of selected enzyme-free immunosensors using graphene and immobilized redox probe.

Target	Probe	LoD	Method	Reference
PSA	Ab	13 pg mL⁻¹	Graphene/MB/CV	[70]
Kanamycin	Ab	6 pg mL⁻¹	GR/PtNPs/Thi/CV	[71]
Kanamycin	Ab	15 pg mL⁻¹	Ag/Fe₃O₄ NPs/Thi/SWV	[72]
CEA protein	Ab	5 pg mL⁻¹	PdCu-GR/Thi/CV	[73]
CEA protein	Ab	10 pg mL⁻¹	Carbon CMK-3/Thi/DPV	[74]
CEA protein	Ab	0.05 fg mL⁻¹	AuNPs/Thi	[75]
CEA protein	Ab	0.024 pg mL⁻¹	AgNPs/ASV	[76]
CEA protein	Ab	0.1 ng mL⁻¹	GR/Toluidine blue	[77]
CEA protein	Ab	3.3 fg mL⁻¹	AuNPs/Toluidine blue/DPV	[78]
CEA protein	Ab	0.4 pg mL⁻¹	GR/CHI/Fc	[79]
CEA protein	Ab	0.5 pg mL⁻¹	GO/AuNPs/NB	[80]
AFP protein	Ab	5 pg mL⁻¹	PdNPs/RGO/Amperometry	[81]
AFP protein	Ab	0.1 fg mL⁻¹	Cu₂O/GO/TB/SWV	[82]
Avian leukosis virus	Ab	115 TCID₅₀ mL⁻¹	Fe₃O₄/CuNPs/ASV	[83]
Tumor cells	Ab	10 cells mL⁻¹	CdTe/SWV	[84]
Interleukin-6	Ab	5 fg mL⁻¹	GR nanoribbon/AgNPs	[85]
Estradiol	Ab	0.015 pg mL⁻¹	Fe₃O₄/Pb²⁺/ASV	[86]
Cardiac troponin-I	Ab	0.05 ng mL⁻¹	GO/AuNPs/Fc/SWV	[87]
Myoglobin	Ab	0.01 ng mL⁻¹	Graphene QDs/EIS	[88]
miRNA	Ab	5 fmol L⁻¹	RGO/PCE/SWV	[89]