Table 1.

Summary of reviewed circuit dysregulation in PTSD

	Amy	Insula	dACC	Hpc	vmPFC	dlPFC	vlPFC	Conn
Fear learning	⬆[5, 15–17]		⬆[18]		⬇[3, 5, 15, 17, 18]
Threat detection	⬆[3, 17]	⬆[3, 18]	⬆[3, 35]					⬆[3, 14]
Emotional regulation	↑ [52] (sec)				⬇[3]	⬇[3, 59]	⬇[3]
Context Processing	↑ [3, 34] (sec)	↑ [3, 34] (sec)	↑ [3, 16, 34, 35] (sec)	⬇[3, 16, 34, 40]	⬇[3, 16, 34, 35, 40]			⬇[3, 14]

Note: Arrows indicate greater or less activation in PTSD compared to healthy controls. Amy = Amygdala; dACC = dorsal anterior cingulate; Hpc = Hippocampus; vmPFC, dlPFC, vlPFC = ventromedial, dorsolateral, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex; Conn = Connectivity; sec = secondary (accompanied by smaller arrows).