Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of participants with follow-up (N = 172), stratified by weight gain over the academic year (>0.5 kg vs. no weight gain)*.
| Baseline characteristics | Weight gain N = 129 | No weight gain N = 43 | p-Value† | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (% female) | 54.3 | 55.8 | 0.860 | ||
| Nationality (% non-U.S.) | 9.3 | 0 | 0.038 | ||
| Mean SD | Mean SD | ||||
| Age (years) | 18.1 | 0.3 | 18.0 | 0.2 | 0.565 |
| Weight (kg) | 61.9 | 11.6 | 65.0 | 11.4 | 0.107 |
| Height (cm) | 169.5 | 9.6 | 169.4 | 9.0 | 0.961 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.4 | 2.8 | 22.6 | 3.5 | 0.033 |
| WC (cm) | 71.6 | 7.3 | 74.8 | 9.1 | 0.029 |
| HC (cm) | 95.0 | 7.3 | 96.9 | 7.3 | 0.130 |
| Total BF (%) | 20.2 | 7.0 | 22.9 | 8.1 | 0.066 |
| Truncal body fat (%) | 16.6 | 6.9 | 19.5 | 8.2 | 0.072 |
| Lean body mass (%) | 79.8 | 7.0 | 77.1 | 8.1 | 0.066 |
| FMI (kgadipose/m2) | 4.5 | 1.9 | 5.4 | 2.5 | 0.049 |
| Total PA (MET·hr/d) | 10.4 | 9.7 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 0.169 |
| Sedentary time (hr/d) | 6.7 | 2.9 | 6.1 | 3.1 | 0.228 |
| Usual energy intake (kcal/d) | 2093 | 853 | 2042 | 516 | 0.773 |
| Carbohydrate (% energy) | 49.2 | 7.5 | 46.9 | 7.1 | 0.180 |
| Protein (% energy) | 16.0 | 3.2 | 16.7 | 3.0 | 0.275 |
| Fat (% energy) | 32.3 | 6.5 | 33.9 | 6.2 | 0.203 |
Note.
*
Sample size varied slightly by variable due to missing data; N > 122 for weight gain group and N > 39 for comparison group for all variables except for dietary intake variables (N = 106 and 31, respectively).
†
Statistical significance of difference based on two-sample t-test for variables meeting underlying assumptions; otherwise, statistical significance based on Wilcoxon Signed Rank nonparametric test (p < 0.05 bolded).