Table 3.
Sex-specific change in body composition and energy expenditure, during first semester and academic year; mean change in each characteristic and the corresponding standard deviation are shown by sex within weight change groups.
| Participants gaining >0.5 kg†
|
No weight gain†
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men N = 59 | Women N = 70 | Men N = 19 | Women N = 24 | ||
| First semester change* | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | p-Value‡ | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) |
| Anthropometry | |||||
| Weight (kg) | 3.4 (2.5) | 2.4 (1.9) | 0.019 | 0.2 (1.8) | −0.5 (1.9) |
| Weight (% change) | 5.2 (3.8) | 4.4 (3.5) | 0.264 | 0.4 (2.6) | −0.6 (3.1) |
| Height (cm) | 0.0 (0.6) | 0.2 (0.5) | 0.010 | −0.1 (0.5) | 0.2 (0.6) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 1.1 (0.8) | 0.9 (0.7) | 0.090 | 0.1 (0.6) | −0.2 (0.8) |
| WC (cm) | 3.4 (3.2) | 2.4 (2.5) | 0.044 | 0.7 (2.2) | −0.1 (2.0) |
| HC (cm) | 1.8 (3.4) | 2.4 (2.6) | 0.337 | 0.1 (3.7) | −0.7 (2.7) |
| Energy expenditure | |||||
| Total PA (MET·hr/day) | 0.1 (8.4) | 2.3 (11.8) | 0.057 | −2.3 (10.4) | 6.7 (11.3) |
| Sedentary time (hr/day) | 0.4 (3.9) | 0.4 (3.1) | 0.954 | 0.1 (4.2) | 1.5 (3.6) |
| Academic year change* | |||||
|
| |||||
| Anthropometry | |||||
| Weight (kg) | 3.6 (2.2) | 3.2 (2.0) | 0.361 | −1.7 (2.2) | −1.6 (2.0) |
| Weight (% change) | 5.5 (3.4) | 5.6 (3.3) | 0.701 | −2.3 (3.0) | −2.6 (3.0) |
| Height (cm) | 0.3 (0.7) | 0.5 (0.6) | 0.092 | 0.3 (0.7) | 0.4 (0.5) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 1.1 (0.7) | 1.1 (0.7) | 0.976 | −0.6 (0.8) | −0.7 (0.8) |
| WC (cm) | 2.9 (2.2) | 3.1 (2.4) | 0.700 | −0.8 (2.9) | −0.9 (2.8) |
| HC (cm) | 1.5 (2.4) | 2.6 (3.0) | 0.027 | −1.5 (3.5) | −2.1 (2.6) |
| Body composition | |||||
| Total BF (%) | 1.8 (1.2) | 1.5 (1.8) | 0.327 | −0.3 (1.5) | −1.4 (1.6) |
| Truncal body fat (%) | 2.0 (1.3) | 1.7 (2.3) | 0.255 | −0.3 (1.5) | −1.8 (1.9) |
| Lean body mass (%) | −1.8 (1.2) | −1.5 (1.8) | 0.327 | 0.3 (1.5) | 1.4 (1.6) |
| FMI (kgadipose/m2) | 0.5 (0.4) | 0.6 (0.6) | 0.683 | −0.2 (0.4) | −0.5 (0.5) |
| Energy expenditure | |||||
| Total PA (MET·hr/day) | −2.3 (8.8) | 1.5 (14.2) | 0.037 | −1.0 (13.1) | 6.1 (7.9) |
| Sedentary time (hr/day) | 1.2 (3.0) | 0.2 (3.5) | 0.138 | 0.8 (3.2) | 1.7 (3.8) |
| Diet | |||||
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | −484 (1040) | −363 (873) | 0.264 | −204 (764) | −131 (566) |
| Carbohydrate (% energy) | −0.1 (9.0) | −0.1 (6.9) | 0.714 | 1.7 (5.4) | −1.5 (4.6) |
| Protein (% energy) | −0.7 (4.1) | −0.7 (2.9) | 0.499 | −1.2 (2.1) | −0.4 (3.4) |
| Fat (% energy) | −0.2 (5.4) | 0.3 (6.6) | 0.403 | −1.4 (3.7) | 1.4 (4.2) |
| Dining hall frequency (swipes/day)§ | −0.1 (0.3) | −0.1 (0.2) | 0.911 | −0.2 (0.4) | −0.1 (0.2) |
Note.
First semester change is the difference between the measurement at the end of first semester and baseline (mean 14.07 weeks [SD 1.09]); academic year change is the difference between the measurement at the end of spring semester and the baseline (mean 34.8 weeks [SD 1.48]).
N varies slightly by variable: FFQ-derived diet composition variables had the lowest response rate (men N = 28, women N = 40).
Statistical significance of sex difference based on two-sample t-test for variables meeting the underlying assumptions of the test, otherwise, significance based on Wilcoxon Signed Rank nonparametric test (p < 0.05 bolded).
The difference between the average count of card swipes per day in the spring semester and that of fall semester.