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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Child Dev. 2016 Nov 8;88(6):1966–1982. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12664

Table 1.

Measures Mean SD 95% CI Observed Range
Spatial Composite 0.43 0.20 0.37 – 0.49 0.05 – 0.80
Mental Transformation 0.61 0.20 0.55 – 0.67 0.10 – 0.90
Spatial Analogies 0.49 0.21 0.42 – 0.56 0.15 – 0.92
Feature Binding 0.70 0.16 0.65 – 0.75 0.46 – 1.00
Picture Rotation 0.59 0.24 0.52 – 0.66 0.19 – 0.94
Age 4.57 0.40 4.45 – 4.69 3.92 – 5.11
Gender _______ _______ _______ _______
PPVT-IV 124.10 12.93 120.15 – 128.06 101.00 – 151.00
Spatial Vocabulary 0.69 0.19 0.63 – 0.75 0.11 – 0.98
Quantity Non-Spatial 0.45 0.37 0.34 – 0.56 0.00 – 1.25
Quantity Spatial 1.52 0.67 1.31 – 1.73 0.13 – 3.00
Adaptation Score 0.58 0.49 0.43 – 0.73 −0.17 – 1.63

Note. SD = standard deviation of the mean. CI = confidence interval of the mean. PPVT-IV= Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-IV. Spatial Composite score was normalized for differing levels of chance across tasks (see text for details), resulting in a chance level of 0. Mental Transformation (chance = 0.25), Spatial Analogies (chance = 0.25), Feature Binding (chance = 0.33), and Picture Rotation (change = 0.33) are proportion scores. The PPVT-IV scores were standardized, ranging from 20 to 160. Spatial Vocabulary was calculated as the proportion of terms caregivers checked (out of 80). The Quantity of Non-Spatial Terms was calculated by averaging the total number of color terms mentioned, and the Quantity of Spatial Term was calculated by averaging the total number of spatial terms mentioned during the spatial scene description task across all trial types. The adaptation score could range from −2 to 3 (see text for description).