Table 3.
Change at Post-Intervention | Change at Follow-up | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Construct | AE [BS 95% CI] | Control [BS 95% CI] | Difference [BS 95% CI] | AE [BS 95% CI] | Control [BS 95% CI] | Difference [BS 95% CI] |
Story recall | 0.44* [0.31/0.59] | 0.18 [0.02/0.33] | 0.26† [0.07/0.46] | 0.20† [0.04/0.37] | 0.04 [−0.10/0.19] | 0.16 [−0.06/0.38] |
Thematic recall | 0.41* [0.22/0.64] | −0.07 [−0.21/0.09] | 0.49* [0.23/0.75] | 0.13 [−0.05/0.33] | 0.09 [−0.06/0.24] | 0.04 [−0.19/0.29] |
Category fluency | 0.06 [−0.15/0.28] | 0.09 [−0.17/0.33] | −0.03 [−0.35/0.31] | 0.15 [−0.01/0.32] | 0.26† [0.07/0.47] | −0.10 [−0.39/0.13] |
Spatial WM | −0.07 [−0.28/0.13] | −0.06 [−0.27/0.16] | −0.01 [−0.29/0.27] | 0.11 [−0.06/0.31] | 0.12 [−0.12/0.36] | −0.01 [−0.31/0.29] |
Verbal WM | 0.11 [−0.05/0.26] | 0.21* [0.07/0.36] | −0.10 [−0.32/0.09] | 0.05 [−0.05/0.19] | −0.03 [−0.10/0.09] | 0.07 [−0.07/0.22] |
Task switching | 0.10 [−0.14/0.27] | 0.18† [0.04/0.32] | −0.08 [−0.34/0.15] | 0.20 [0.03/0.41] | 0.09 [−0.10/0.32] | 0.11 [−0.18/0.38] |
Note: Intervention group comparisons were made in a grouped latent change score model, including covariates and constraints to ensure measurement invariance longitudinally and between groups. Unstandardized coefficients are reported for measures normed to pre-intervention means and standard deviations of the total sample.*p < 0.01; †p < 0.05; α’ = 0.01. AE, active experiencing intervention condition; Control, active control condition; BS 95% CI, bias-corrected bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals; WM, working memory.