Figure 2.

Anti-TB treatment induces changes in uTreg but not in cTreg populations in HIV-TB patients. (A) Evaluation of uTreg (CD4⁺CD25^–FoxP3⁺), (B) cTreg (CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺) frequencies by flow cytometry, (C) C-reactive protein (CRP) plasma concentrations, (D) CD4⁺ lymphocytes count, and (E) HIV RNA copies per milliliter in peripheral blood from HIV-TB individuals along anti-TB treatment (0, 3, and 6 months); values obtained from healthy donors (HD) were used as controls. Friedman test for paired samples was used for comparisons between consecutive visits for each population, cTreg and uTreg (**p < 0.01; *p < 0.05). For comparison between each visit and values in HD group, Mann–Whitney test was performed (^#p < 0.05 was consider significant). (F) Correlation analysis between the % of cTreg and the % of PD1⁺CD4⁺ T lymphocytes (left) and between the % of uTreg and the % of PD1⁺CD4 T cells (right) from HIV-TB individuals. Spearman rank test was used for the evaluation of the correlation. (G) Correlation analysis between the % of uTreg and the % of CD4⁺ T^CM lymphocytes (upper panel) and between the % of uTreg and the % of CD4⁺ T^EM cells (lower panel) from HIV-TB individuals. Spearman rank test was used to test correlation.