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. 2017 May 9;8:528. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00528

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Copyright © 2017 Angerami, Suarez, Vecchione, Laufer, Ameri, Ben, Perez, Sued, Salomón and Quiroga.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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uTregs produce a distinct pattern of cytokines and high levels of IFN-γ. PBMC from HIV-TB and healthy donors (HD) were stimulated with PMA/Io and analyzed by flow cytometry for the indicated cytokines. Comparison of latency-associated peptide (LAP) expression between uTreg and cTreg from (A) HIV-TB and (B) HD persons. Analysis of IL-10 production between uTreg and cTreg from (C) HIV-TB and (D) HD individuals. Evaluation of IFN-γ production in the uTreg and cTreg populations from (E) HIV-TB and (F) HD. (G) Correlation analysis between FoxP3 and IFN-γ mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) in Tregs. Wilcoxon test was used for statistical analysis. (H) Representative flow cytometry dot plots depicting IFN-γ production from uTregs (left) and cTregs (right). (I) Representative flow cytometry graphs showing IFN-γ production from CD39⁺ uTregs (left) and CD39⁻ uTregs (right). Each point represents an individual subject. Asterisks indicate significant differences between groups. *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001. Spearman test was performed for correlation analysis.