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. 2017 May 9;11:70. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00070

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Copyright © 2017 Le Coz, Genty, Anton and Hanesch.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Influence of social stress and CCI on the mRNA expression of markers for the activation of astrocytes (GFAP) and microglia (Iba1) in the ipsilateral spinal cord levels L4/L5 at day 49. Data are expressed as relative expression level (fold) of CON (control group = 1, white column) and are shown as mean ± SD (n = 6 per group). Left: GFAP mRNA expression was increased only in the groups subjected to chronic social stress: OSS (light gray column) and OSS+CCI (constriction injury under social stress conditions, black column), but not in the group that solely underwent CCI (dark gray column). Right: Iba1 mRNA expression was increased in the group subjected to constriction injury (CCI) and in the OSS+CCI group where stress enhanced the effect of the constriction injury. No effect was noticeable in the stress group OSS. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.